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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">nsojout</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Строительство: наука и образование</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Construction: Science and Education</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="epub">2305-5502</issn><publisher><publisher-name>ФГБОУ ВО «Национальный исследовательский Московский государственный строительный университет»</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22227/2305-5502.2024.1.3</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">nsojout-154</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Строительные конструкции. Основания и фундаменты. Технология и организация строительства. Проектирование зданий и сооружений. Инженерные изыскания и обследование зданий</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Building structures. Soils and foundations. Technology and organization of construction. Designing of buildings and constructions. Engineering survey and inspection of buildings</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Особенности проявления гидравлического разрыва в грунтовых плотинах</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Stress-strain state of some special places in earth dam from viewpoint of hydraulic fracturing</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6900-2704</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Орехов</surname><given-names>Г. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Orekhov</surname><given-names>G. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Генрих Васильевич Орехов — доктор технических наук, доцент, профессор кафедры гидравлики и гидротехнического строительства</p><p>129337, г. Москва, Ярославское шоссе, д. 26</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Genrikh V. Orekhov — Doctor of Technical Science, Associate Professor, Professor of the Department of Hydraulics and Hydraulic Engineering</p><p>26 Yaroslavskoe shosse, Moscow, 129337</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">OrehovGV@mgsu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кыонг</surname><given-names>Чан Мань</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Cuong</surname><given-names>Tran Manh</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Чан Мань Кыонг — аспирант кафедры гидравлики и гидротехнического строительства</p><p>129337, г. Москва, Ярославское шоссе, д. 26</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Tran Manh Cuong — postgraduate student of the Department of Hydraulics and Hydraulic Engineering</p><p>26 Yaroslavskoe shosse, Moscow, 129337</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">cuonghtcs@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">Национальный исследовательский Московский государственный строительный университет (НИУ МГСУ)<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (National Research University) (MGSU)<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>30</day><month>03</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>14</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>45</fpage><lpage>60</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Орехов Г.В., Кыонг Ч., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Орехов Г.В., Кыонг Ч.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Orekhov G.V., Cuong T.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.nso-journal.ru/jour/article/view/154">https://www.nso-journal.ru/jour/article/view/154</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. В настоящее время в условиях изменения климата феномен необычных дождей и наводнений вызывает широкомасштабные наводнения и приводит к большим потерям людей и имущества. Наиболее уязвимыми сооружениями являются плотины и водохранилища. Прорыв плотины может привести к катастрофе, угрожающей жизни людей и социально-экономической деятельности. Существует много причин разрушения плотины, из которых гидравлический разрыв (ГР) считается одной из наиболее вероятных, поскольку он вызывает сосредоточенную фильтрацию, приводящую к риску разрушения плотины. Гидравлический разрыв — это процесс, при котором трещины образуются в грунте или камне, а затем распространяются под давлением воды. Гидравлический разрыв привлекает внимание ученых. Цель исследования — синтез мнений ученых на сегодняшний день о явлении гидроразрыва и методах его предотвращения в земляных плотинах.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. Проанализированы литературные источники, в которых рассматривается ГР.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Гидравлический разрыв тесно связан с явлениями неравномерной осадки грунтов плотины и строительных конструкций. В грунтовых плотинах неравномерная осадка часто возникает в зонах между насыпным грунтом плотины и бортовыми массивами створа плотины; насыпным грунтом и бетонными конструкциями, такими как водопропускные трубы и водосбросы, фундаментные элементы конструкций; водонепроницаемым ядром плотины и примыкающими к нему зонами грунта. На основе анализа причин возникновения ГР некоторые исследователи предложили меры по снижению риска его возникновения.</p></sec><sec><title>Выводы</title><p>Выводы. Гидравлический разрыв — образование трещин и полостей в грунтовом массиве, которые способствуют формированию путей сосредоточенной фильтрации. Появление ГР увеличивает вероятность нестабильности фильтрации в плотине, что влияет на безопасность плотины и может привести к серьезному повреждению. Внедрение методов предотвращения ГР важно для обеспечения безопасных условий работы плотины.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Introduction</title><p>Introduction. In the current process of climate change, the phenomenon of unusual rainfall and flooding is causing widespread flooding and causing great loss of life and property. In addition, the most vulnerable structures are dams and reservoirs. A dam failure causes a disaster that can threaten human lives and entire socio-economic activities. There are many causes of dam failure, of which hydraulic fracturing is considered one of the most likely causes as it causes concentrated seepage leading to the risk of dam failure. Hydraulic fracturing is a process in which cracks form in soil or rock and then propagate under water pressure. Hydraulic fracturing is not a new topic, nor is it an old one, receiving a lot of attention from scientists, but it is still a controversial issue. Many opinions are given. This paper aims to summarize the mechanism of hydraulic fracturing based on previous studies and at the same time proposes some methods to prevent hydraulic fracturing in an earthen dam.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. Literature analysis of sources related to the phenomenon of hydraulic fracturing.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. Hydraulic fracturing is closely related to the phenomena of differential settlement of dam soils and building structures. In earth-fill dams, the phenomenon of differential settlement often occurs in the areas between the fill soil of the dam and the side masses of the dam site, fill soil and concrete structures such as culverts and spillways, foundation structural elements, the impermeable core of the dam and adjacent soil zones. Based on an analysis of the causes of hydraulic fracturing, a number of measures were proposed to reduce the risk of hydraulic fracturing.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusions</title><p>Conclusions. Hydraulic fracturing, that is, the formation of cracks and cavities in the soil mass, which contribute to the formation of concentrated seepage paths. The occurrence of hydraulic fracturing increases the likelihood of seepage instability in the dam, which affects the safety of the dam and can lead to serious damage. Implementing hydraulic fracturing prevention techniques is critical to ensuring safe dam operating conditions.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>фильтрация</kwd><kwd>грунтовая плотина</kwd><kwd>гидравлический разрыв</kwd><kwd>неравномерная осадка</kwd><kwd>возникающее усилие</kwd><kwd>сосредоточенная фильтрация</kwd><kwd>прорыв плотины</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>seepage</kwd><kwd>earth dam</kwd><kwd>hydraulic fracturing</kwd><kwd>differential settlements</kwd><kwd>arching action</kwd><kwd>concentrated seepage</kwd><kwd>dam failure</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lehner B., Döll P., Alcamo J., Henrichs T., Kaspar F. Estimating the impact of global change on flood and drought risks in Europe: a continental, integrated analysis // Climatic Change. 2006. Vol. 75. Issue 3. Pp. 273–299. 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