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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">nsojout</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Строительство: наука и образование</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Construction: Science and Education</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="epub">2305-5502</issn><publisher><publisher-name>ФГБОУ ВО «Национальный исследовательский Московский государственный строительный университет»</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22227/2305-5502.2025.1.6</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">nsojout-232</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Строительные конструкции. Основания и фундаменты. Технология и организация строительства. Проектирование зданий и сооружений. Инженерные изыскания и обследование зданий</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Building structures. Soils and foundations. Technology and organization of construction. Designing of buildings and constructions. Engineering survey and inspection of buildings</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Влияние механизма упрочнения на результаты расчета ограждений котлована в условиях Санкт-Петербурга</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>The influence of the hardening mechanism on the results of the calculation of pit fences in the conditions of St. Petersburg</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мангушев</surname><given-names>Р. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Mangushev</surname><given-names>R. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Рашид Абдуллович Мангушев — доктор технических наук, профессор, кафедра геотехники, член-корр. РААСН; главный научный сотрудник</p><p>190005, г. Санкт-Петербург, 2-я Красноармейская ул., д. 4;127238, г. Москва, Локомотивный проезд, д. 21</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Rashid A. Mangushev — Doctor of Technical Sciences, Professor, Department of Geotechnics, Corresponding Member of the RAASN; Chief Researcher</p><p>4, 2nd Krasnoarmeyskaya st., St. Petersburg, 190005;21 Locomotive passage, Moscow, 127238</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ramangushev@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Дьяконов</surname><given-names>И. П.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Diakonov</surname><given-names>I. P.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Иван Павлович Дьяконов — кандидат технических наук, доцент, кафедра геотехники; старший научный сотрудник</p><p>190005, г. Санкт-Петербург, 2-я Красноармейская ул., д. 4;127238, г. Москва, Локомотивный проезд, д. 21</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ivan P. Diakonov — Candidate of Technical Sciences, Associate Professor, Department of Geotechnics;  Senior Researcher</p><p>4, 2nd Krasnoarmeyskaya st., St. Petersburg, 190005;21, Locomotive passage, Moscow, 127238</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">idjkanv@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Башмаков</surname><given-names>И. Б.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bashmakov</surname><given-names>I. B.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Иван Борисович Башмаков — ассистент, младший научный сотрудник, аспирант, кафедра геотехники; ведущий инженер</p><p>190005, г. Санкт-Петербург, 2-я Красноармейская ул., д. 4;127238, г. Москва, Локомотивный проезд, д. 214</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ivan B. Bashmakov — assistant, junior researcher, postgraduate student, Department of Geotechnics; leading engineer</p><p>4, 2nd Krasnoarmeyskaya st., St. Petersburg, 190005;21 Locomotive passage, Moscow, 127238</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">179bib@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Паскачева</surname><given-names>Д. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Paskacheva</surname><given-names>D. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Дарья Алексеевна Паскачева — ассистент, аспирант, кафедра геотехники</p><p>190005, г. Санкт-Петербург, 2-я Красноармейская ул., д. 4</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Daria A. Paskacheva — assistant, postgraduate student, Department of Geotechnics</p><p>4, 2nd Krasnoarmeyskaya st., St. Petersburg, 190005</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">dashap17012000@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кравченко</surname><given-names>П. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kravchenko</surname><given-names>P. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Павел Александрович Кравченко — кандидат технических наук, доцент, кафедра оснований и фундаментов</p><p>190031, г. Санкт-Петербург, Московский пр., д. 9</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Pavel A. Kravchenko — Candidate of Technical Sciences, Associate Professor, Department of Foundations and Foundations</p><p>9 Moskovsky ave., St. Petersburg, 190031</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">dr.p.krav@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">Санкт-Петербургский государственный архитектурно-строительный университет (СПбГАСУ); Научно-исследовательский институт строительной физики Российской академии архитектуры и строительных наук (НИИСФ РААСН)<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Saint Petersburg State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering (SPbGASU); Scientific research institute of building physics of the Russian academy of architecture and building sciences<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru">Санкт-Петербургский государственный архитектурно-строительный университет (СПбГАСУ)<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Saint Petersburg State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering (SPbGASU)<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru">Петербургский государственный университет путей сообщения Императора Александра I (ПГУПС)<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Emperor Alexander I St. Petersburg State Transport University (SPTU)<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>31</day><month>03</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>15</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>59</fpage><lpage>70</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Мангушев Р.А., Дьяконов И.П., Башмаков И.Б., Паскачева Д.А., Кравченко П.А., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Мангушев Р.А., Дьяконов И.П., Башмаков И.Б., Паскачева Д.А., Кравченко П.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Mangushev R.A., Diakonov I.P., Bashmakov I.B., Paskacheva D.A., Kravchenko P.A.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.nso-journal.ru/jour/article/view/232">https://www.nso-journal.ru/jour/article/view/232</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. Исследование посвящено вопросам моделирования и расчета процесса разработки котлованов в условиях г. Санкт-Петербурга, где распространены слабые глинистые грунты различного генезиса. Актуальность рассматриваемой темы обусловлена необходимостью повышения точности и надежности расчетов грунтовых оснований в условиях плотной городской застройки. Особенно важно учитывать специфические свойства слабых глинистых грунтов, такие как их недренированное поведение и преимущественно сдвиговое деформирование. Акцентируется внимание на механизме сдвигового упрочнения — критически важном для предсказания пластических деформаций глинистых грунтов в допредельной стадии нагружения.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. Представлены ключевые положения ранее предложенной авторами нелинейной математической модели, описывающей поведение слабых глинистых отложений на основании механизма сдвигового упрочнения. Недренированное поведение описывается на базе модифицированной теории мгновенной прочности Ю.К. Соловьева с учетом образования избыточных поровых давлений при девиаторном нагружении в условиях плоского напряженно-деформированного состояния. Модель была численно реализована в разрабатываемом авторами специализированном программном комплексе, реализующем метод конечных элементов на основе метода перемещений.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Проведен численный расчет разработки котлована под защитой консольного шпунтового ограждения в условиях плотной городской застройки в Центральном районе Санкт-Петербурга. Приведено подробное сравнение результатов численных расчетов с данными геотехнического мониторинга, включающего измерения деформаций шпунтового ограждения котлована и фундаментов окружающей застройки.</p></sec><sec><title>Выводы</title><p>Выводы. Сделаны выводы о прогностических возможностях моделей с механизмом сдвигового упрочнения для расчетов котлованов в условиях слабых глинистых грунтов. Даны рекомендации о дальнейшем развитии предложенной модели, включая улучшения в учете эффекта разгрузки основания и изменения параметров жесткости при деформировании.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Introduction</title><p>Introduction. The study is devoted to the issues of modelling and calculating the process of excavation in the conditions of the city of St. Petersburg, where weak clay soils of various genesis are widespread. The relevance of the topic under consideration is due to the need to improve the accuracy and reliability of calculations of soil foundations in conditions of dense urban development. It is especially important to take into account the specific properties of weak clay soils, such as their undrained behaviour and, mainly, shear deformation. The paper focuses on the mechanism of shear hardening, which is critically important for predicting plastic deformations of clay soils in the pre-limit loading stage.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. The main provisions of the nonlinear mathematical model previously proposed by the authors describing the behaviour of weak clay deposits based on the shear hardening mechanism are presented. The untrained behaviour is described on the basis of the modified theory of instantaneous strength by Yu.K. Solovyov, taking into account the formation of excessive pore pressures under deviatory loading in a plane stress-strain state. The model was numerically implemented in a specialized software package developed by the authors that implements the finite element method based on the displacement method.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. As part of the study, a numerical calculation was carried out for the development of a pit protected by a cantilever tongue-and-groove fence in conditions of dense urban development in the Central District of St. Petersburg. The paper also provides a detailed comparison of the results of numerical calculations with data from geotechnical monitoring, including measurements of deformations of the tongue-and-groove fencing of the excavation and foundations of the surrounding buildings.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusions</title><p>Conclusions. Based on this study, conclusions are drawn about the predictive capabilities of models with a shear hardening mechanism for pit calculations in conditions of weak clay soils. Recommendations are given on the further development of the proposed model, including improvements in taking into account the effect of unloading the base and changes in stiffness parameters during deformation.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>метод конечных элементов</kwd><kwd>нелинейная модель грунта</kwd><kwd>сдвиговое упрочнение</kwd><kwd>недренированное поведение</kwd><kwd>котлован</kwd><kwd>слабые грунты</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>finite element method</kwd><kwd>nonlinear soil model</kwd><kwd>shear hardening</kwd><kwd>undrained behaviour</kwd><kwd>excavation</kwd><kwd>soft soils</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group xml:lang="ru"><funding-statement>Авторы выражают благодарность НИИСФ РААСН за поддержку данного исследования.</funding-statement></funding-group><funding-group xml:lang="en"><funding-statement>The authors express their gratitude to Scientific research institute of building physics of the Russian academy of architecture and building sciences for the support of this study.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Фадеев А.Б. 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