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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">nsojout</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Строительство: наука и образование</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Construction: Science and Education</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="epub">2305-5502</issn><publisher><publisher-name>ФГБОУ ВО «Национальный исследовательский Московский государственный строительный университет»</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22227/2305-5502.2025.1.10</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">nsojout-236</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Строительные конструкции. Основания и фундаменты. Технология и организация строительства. Проектирование зданий и сооружений. Инженерные изыскания и обследование зданий</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Building structures. Soils and foundations. Technology and organization of construction. Designing of buildings and constructions. Engineering survey and inspection of buildings</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Особенности деформирования глин при блочном ступенчатом статическом трехосном нагружении</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Deformation of clay under block step-by-step static triaxial loading</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4475-988X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Королева</surname><given-names>И. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Koroleva</surname><given-names>I. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ирина Владимировна Королева — кандидат технических наук, доцент, кафедра оснований, фундаментов, динамики сооружений и инженерной геологии</p><p>420043, г. Казань, Республика Татарстан, ул. Зеленая, д. 1; 2-110</p><p>Scopus: 54403079700</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Irina V. Koroleva — Candidate of Technical Sciences, Associate Professor, Department of Bases, foundations, building dynamics and engineering geology</p><p>2-110, 1 Zelenaya st., Kazan, 420043, Republic of Tatarstan</p><p>Scopus: 54403079700</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">79178711218@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">Казанский государственный архитектурно-&#13;
строительный университет (КГАСУ)<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Kazan State University of Architecture and Engineering (KSUAE)<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>31</day><month>03</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>15</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>97</fpage><lpage>104</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Королева И.В., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Королева И.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Koroleva I.V.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.nso-journal.ru/jour/article/view/236">https://www.nso-journal.ru/jour/article/view/236</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. При проектировании оснований фундаментов возникают вопросы о деформационных характеристиках грунта в условиях сложного напряженного состояния. В этом случае вопрос качественного моделирования в лабораторных условиях расчетного напряженно-деформированного состояния массива остается наиболее актуальным. Одним из путей решения может быть изучение механических свойств грунтов в условиях блочного трехосного нагружения с независимо регулируемыми вертикальными σ1 и горизонтальными σ2 = σ3 напряжениями.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. Проведены лабораторные трехосные блочные режимные испытания глинистых грунтов нарушенной структуры. Использованы режимы с чередующимися повышающимся и понижающимся блоками девиаторного нагружения, при этом максимальная величина девиатора первого повышающегося блока нагружения и амплитуда разгрузки для всех режимов принята одинаковой. Исследования проведены на образцах кубической формы. Применен прибор с жесткими гранями.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Основными результатами выполненных исследований являются новые данные об изменении деформаций и прочности образцов в условиях блочного трехосного режимного нагружения в зависимости от величины всестороннего обжатия. Выполнен анализ полученных результатов. Установлены некоторые закономерности поведения глинистых грунтов. Дано обоснование механизму происходящих в образце процессов.</p></sec><sec><title>Выводы</title><p>Выводы. Установлено влияние величины бокового давления на развитие линейных и объемных деформаций образца, предельных значений разрушающей нагрузки с учетом наличия блоков повторного девиаторного нагружения.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Introduction</title><p>Introduction. When designing foundation bases, questions arise about the deformation characteristics of soil under complex stress conditions. In this case, the issue of qualitative modelling in laboratory conditions of the calculated stress-strain state of the massif remains the most relevant. One of the solutions may be to study the mechanical properties of soils under block triaxial loading with independently adjustable vertical σ1 and horizontal σ2 = σ3 stresses.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. Laboratory triaxial block regime tests of clayey soils with disturbed structure were carried out. Modes with alternat.ing increasing and decreasing blocks of deviatoric loading were used, with the maximum value of the deviator of the first increasing block of loading and the amplitude of unloading for all modes were assumed to be the same. The studies were carried out on cubic-shaped specimens. A device with rigid edges was used.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. The main results of the conducted research are new data on the change in deformations and strength of specimens under block triaxial mode loading conditions depending on the magnitude of all-round compression. The analysis of the obtained results is performed. Some patterns of clayey soil behaviour are established. The mechanism of processes occurring in the specimen is substantiated.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusions</title><p>Conclusions. The influence of the magnitude of lateral pressure on the development of linear and volumetric deformations of the specimen, the ultimate values of the destructive load, taking into account the presence of blocks of repeated deviatoric loading, was established.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>глина</kwd><kwd>трехосное сжатие</kwd><kwd>блочное нагружение</kwd><kwd>девиатор</kwd><kwd>разгрузка</kwd><kwd>модуль деформации</kwd><kwd>прочность</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>clay</kwd><kwd>triaxial compression</kwd><kwd>block loading</kwd><kwd>deviator</kwd><kwd>unloading</kwd><kwd>deformation modulus</kwd><kwd>strength</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group xml:lang="ru"><funding-statement>Автор благодарит доктора технических наук, профессора, заведующего кафедрой оснований, фундаментов, динамики сооружений и инженерной геологии Казанского государственного архитектурно-строительного университета Илизара Талгатовича Мирсаяпова за советы и консультации, а также рецензентов за проявленный интерес к работе.</funding-statement></funding-group><funding-group xml:lang="en"><funding-statement>The author thanks Doctor of Technical Sciences, Professor, Head of the Department of Foundations, Dynamics of Structures and Engineering Geology of the Kazan State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering Ilizar Talgatovich Mirsayapov for advice and consultations, as well as the reviewers for their interest in the work.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Travush V.I., Shulyat’ev O.A., Shulyat’ev S.O., Shakhraman’yan A.M., Kolotovichev Yu.A. 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