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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">nsojout</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Строительство: наука и образование</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Construction: Science and Education</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="epub">2305-5502</issn><publisher><publisher-name>ФГБОУ ВО «Национальный исследовательский Московский государственный строительный университет»</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22227/2305-5502.2025.1.19</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">nsojout-245</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Строительные конструкции. Основания и фундаменты. Технология и организация строительства. Проектирование зданий и сооружений. Инженерные изыскания и обследование зданий</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Building structures. Soils and foundations. Technology and organization of construction. Designing of buildings and constructions. Engineering survey and inspection of buildings</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Геотермальные сооружения: экспериментальная оценка перераспределения напряжений в группах свай 2 × 2 в условиях асимметричной тепловой нагрузки</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Geothermal structures: experimental insights into stress redistribution in 2 × 2 pile groups under asymmetrical thermal loading</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Джафарзаде</surname><given-names>Ф.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Jafarzadeh</surname><given-names>Fardin</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Фардин Джафарзаде — кандидат наук, доцент, президент Иранского геотехнического общества</p><p>г. Тегеран, ул. Азади</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Fardin Jafarzadeh — PhD, Associate Professor, Civil Engineering Department</p><p>Azadi avenue, Tehran</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">fardin@sharif.ir</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Афзалсолтани</surname><given-names>С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Afzalsoltani</surname><given-names>Sina</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Сина Афзалсолтани — кандидат наук</p><p>г. Тегеран, ул. Азади</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Sina Afzalsoltani — PhD Candidate, Civil Engineering Department</p><p>Azadi avenue, Tehran</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">S.Afzalsoltani@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">Технологический университет Шарифа<country>Иран</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Sharif University of Technology (SUT)<country>Islamic Republic of Iran</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>31</day><month>03</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>15</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>180</fpage><lpage>188</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Джафарзаде Ф., Афзалсолтани С., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Джафарзаде Ф., Афзалсолтани С.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Jafarzadeh F., Afzalsoltani S.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.nso-journal.ru/jour/article/view/245">https://www.nso-journal.ru/jour/article/view/245</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. Энергетические сваи все чаще используются для решения проблем устойчивой энергетики. Понимание того, как тепловая нагрузка влияет на распределение напряжений в группах свай, важно для оптимизации их конструкции и функциональности. Цель исследования — выяснить механизмы передачи напряжений и их влияние на работу группы свай.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. Для исследования термомеханического поведения групп свай 2 × 2 под асимметричной тепловой нагрузкой использован подход физического моделирования 1g. Проведено три испытания, в каждом из которых группа с 1, 2 или 3 энергетическими сваями подвергалась циклическим тепловым колебаниям. В качестве свай в модели использовались алюминиевые трубы с закрытым оголовком, в качестве грунта — сухой мелкозернистый алевритовый песок. Во время периодического воздействия тепловых нагрузок отслеживались смещения оголовка сваи, осевые силы и изгибающие моменты вдоль свай, изменения давления грунта под оголовком сваи и распределение температуры вокруг группы свай.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Исследование показало, что периодическое воздействие тепловых нагрузок оказывает существенное влияние на распределение нагрузки между энергетическими сваями, при этом нагрузка увеличивается в фазах нагрева и уменьшается в фазах охлаждения. Это приводит к необратимому увеличению доли нагрузки из-за уплотнения грунта под оголовками свай. Кроме того, вклад оголовка сваи в расчетную нагрузку увеличивается с каждым циклом нагрева – охлаждения, что подчеркивает влияние термического размягчения на границе грунт – свая.</p></sec><sec><title>Выводы</title><p>Выводы. Экспериментальные наблюдения продемонстрировали, что классический метод Буссинеска может недооценивать давление грунта под оголовком сваи во время нагрева, что может быть связано с пластичной работой грунта.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Introduction</title><p>Introduction. As energy piles are increasingly utilized for sustainable energy solutions, understanding how thermal loading affects stress distribution within pile groups becomes essential for optimizing their design and functionality. The research aims to elucidate the mechanisms of stress transfer and the resultant effects on pile group behaviour.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. A 1g physical modelling approach was used to investigate the thermo-mechanical behaviour of 2 × 2 pile groups under asymmetrical thermal loading. Three separate tests were conducted, each featuring a group with 1, 2, or 3 energy piles subjected to cyclic thermal variations. The model employed closed-end aluminum pipes for the piles and dry, fine-grained silty sand for the ground. During thermal cycling, pile-head displacements, axial forces and bending moments along the piles, soil pressure changes beneath the pile tip, and temperature distribution around the group are monitored.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. The study demonstrates that thermal cycling has a substantial impact on load distribution among energy piles, with load shares rising during heating phases and falling during cooling phases. This results in an irreversible increase in load share due to soil compaction beneath the pile tips. Additionally, the contribution of the pile tip to the estimated head load increases with each heating-cooling cycle, underscoring the effects of thermal softening at the soil-pile interface.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusions</title><p>Conclusions. Experimental observations suggest that the classic Boussinesq method may underestimate soil pressure beneath the pile tip during heating phases, potentially due to the soil’s plastic behaviour.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>физическое моделирование</kwd><kwd>энергетические сваи</kwd><kwd>асимметричная нагрузка</kwd><kwd>группа свай</kwd><kwd>геотермальные сооружения</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>physical modelling</kwd><kwd>energy piles</kwd><kwd>asymmetrical loading</kwd><kwd>pile group</kwd><kwd>geothermal structures</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Barbir F., Veziroǧlu T., Plass Jr H. Environmental damage due to fossil fuels use. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy. 1990; 15(10):739-749.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Barbir F., Veziroǧlu T., Plass Jr H. 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