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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">nsojout</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Строительство: наука и образование</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Construction: Science and Education</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="epub">2305-5502</issn><publisher><publisher-name>ФГБОУ ВО «Национальный исследовательский Московский государственный строительный университет»</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22227/2305-5502.2025.2.4</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">nsojout-267</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Архитектура. Реконструкция. Реставрация. Творческие концепции архитектурной деятельности. Архитектурное проектирование. Градостроительство. Градорегулирование</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Architecture. Reconstruction. Restoration. Creative concepts of architectural activity. Architectural design. Urban development. Urban management</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Эволюция архитектуры прототипов паллиативных учреждений до XX века</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Evolution of prototype architecture of palliative institutions before the XX century</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1348-7335</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Клочко</surname><given-names>А. Р.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Klochko</surname><given-names>A. R.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Асмик Рубеновна Клочко — кандидат архитектуры, доцент, доцент кафедры архитектуры</p><p>129337, г. Москва, Ярославское шоссе, д. 26</p><p>РИНЦ AuthorID: 705985, Scopus: 57200113610</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Asmik R. Klochko — Candidate of Architecture, Associate Professor, Associate Professor of the Department of Architecture</p><p>26 Yaroslavskoe shosse, Moscow, 129337</p><p>RSCI AuthorID: 705985, Scopus: 57200113610</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">KlochkoAR@mgsu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">Национальный исследовательский Московский государственный строительный университет (НИУ МГСУ)<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (National Research University) (MGSU)<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>30</day><month>06</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>15</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>53</fpage><lpage>70</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Клочко А.Р., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Клочко А.Р.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Klochko A.R.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.nso-journal.ru/jour/article/view/267">https://www.nso-journal.ru/jour/article/view/267</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. Архитектура медицинских учреждений прошла сложный и многогранный путь развития. Особой веткой современного здравоохранения считается паллиативная помощь, сформировавшаяся в ХХ в., но прототипы паллиативных учреждений возникли давно. Функции современных паллиативных учреждений многие столетия выполняли приюты, лечебницы, монастыри, больницы, странноприимные дома и др.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. Применены методы обзора, сравнительного анализа и синтеза по научным, историческим, искусствоведческим, литературным источникам и проектным материалам, связанным с архитектурой прототипов паллиативных учреждений.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Освещается взаимосвязь развития христианства и становления основ паллиативного (хосписного) движения, рассматриваются предпосылки возникновения и история становления и развития прототипов паллиативных учреждений, их архитектурных решений и особенностей. Анализируются вопросы трансформации основной функции хосписов в течение столетий до ХХ в.</p></sec><sec><title>Выводы</title><p>Выводы. Эволюция паллиативных учреждений происходила в течение всей жизни человечества, иногда вплетаясь в здравоохранение, но чаще шла по собственному пути. Нельзя считать синонимичными пути развития медицинских и паллиативных учреждений, так как долгие периоды, особенно по мере развития эффективности медицинского обслуживания, проводилась принципиальная разница между излечимыми и неизлечимыми пациентами не в пользу последних. Эволюция паллиативных учреждений связана с социальной историей ухода за пожилыми и умирающими, с уровнем культурного развития общества, его религиозностью, гуманностью и мистическими представлениями. Значительный и решающий вклад в эволюцию паллиативного движения внесен усилиями отдельных личностей и велениями их человеческого и врачебного долга. Их стойкость и гуманность позволили этой части здравоохранения не зачахнуть, а раскрыться и доказать, что, если человека нельзя вылечить, это не значит, что ему нельзя помочь.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Introduction</title><p>Introduction. The architecture of medical institutions has undergone a complex and multifaceted path of development. A special branch of modern healthcare is considered to be palliative care, which was formed in the twentieth century, but the prototypes of palliative care institutions emerged long ago. The role and functions of modern palliative institutions for many centuries have been provided by orphanages, hospitals, convents, monasteries, hospitals, strange houses and others.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. Materials and methods of the study include methods of review, comparative analysis and synthesis on scientific, historical, art, literary sources and project materials related to the architecture of prototypes of palliative institutions.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. The paper shows the connection between the development of Christianity and the formation of the foundations of the palliative (hospice) movement. The prerequisites for the emergence and history of the development of prototypes of palliative institutions, their architectural solutions and features are considered here. The paper studies the transformation of the hospices main function over the centuries to the twentieth century.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusions</title><p>Conclusions. The evolution of palliative care institutions has occurred throughout the life of mankind, sometimes intertwined with health care, but more often following its own path. The evolution of medical and palliative care institutions cannot be considered synonymous, as for many periods, especially as the effectiveness of medical care has developed, there has been a fundamental difference between “curable” and “incurable” patients, not in favour of the latter. The evolution of palliative care institutions is linked to the social history of care for the elderly and dying, to the level of cultural development of society, to its religious, humane and mystical beliefs. A significant and decisive contribution to the evolution of the palliative care movement has been made by the efforts of individuals and the dictates of their human and medical duty. Their resilience and humanity allowed this part of health care not to languish, but to open up and prove that if a person cannot be cured, it does not mean that he cannot be helped.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>архитектура паллиативных учреждений</kwd><kwd>архитектура хосписов</kwd><kwd>гуманная среда</kwd><kwd>странноприимные дома</kwd><kwd>архитектура медицинских учреждений</kwd><kwd>инклюзивная среда</kwd><kwd>паллиативный центр</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>architecture of palliative institutions</kwd><kwd>architecture of hospices</kwd><kwd>humane environment</kwd><kwd>hospice houses</kwd><kwd>architecture of medical institutions</kwd><kwd>inclusive environment</kwd><kwd>palliative center</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group xml:lang="ru"><funding-statement>Данная работа поддержана грантом 2024 г. на проведение фундаментальных и прикладных научных исследований (НИР/НИОКР) научными коллективами НИУ МГСУ, проект № 8-392/130. Автор выражает глубокую признательность редакционной коллегии журнала и анонимным рецензентам за уделенное время и оказанное внимание.</funding-statement></funding-group><funding-group xml:lang="en"><funding-statement>This work was supported by the grant 2024 for fundamental and applied scientific research (R&amp;D) by research teams of Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (National Research University) (MGSU), project No. 8-392/130. The author expresses deep gratitude to the editorial board of the journal and anonymous reviewers for their time and attention.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Клочко А.Р. История развития хосписов, расположенных в границах городов // Academia. Архитектура и строительство. 2023. № 4. С. 43–50. DOI: 10.22337/2077-9038-2023-4-43-50. 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