nsojoutСтроительство: наука и образованиеConstruction: Science and Education2305-5502ФГБОУ ВО «Национальный исследовательский Московский государственный строительный университет»10.22227/2305-5502.2021.1.1nsojout-27Research ArticleИнженерные системы. Эксплуатация зданий. Проблемы ЖКК. Энергоэффективность и энергосбережение. Безопасность зданий и сооружений. ЭкологияEngineering systems. Exploitation of buildings. Problems of Housing and Communal Complex. Energy efficiency and energy saving. Safety of buildings and structures. EcologyУправление водными ресурсами Египта: проблемы и способы решенияChallenges of water resources management in Egypt and solution opportunitiesЕззелдинМостафаEzzeldinMostafa1042195003@pfur.ruРоссийский университет дружбы народов (РУДН); Университет МенуфииРоссияPeoplesʼ Friendship University of Russia (RUDN); Menoufia UniversityRussian Federation202130032021111114Copyright © Еззелдин М., 20212021Еззелдин М.Ezzeldin M.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.nso-journal.ru/jour/article/view/27Введение

Введение.

Во всем мире, в том числе в Египте, вопросами водных ресурсов занимаются как научные работники, так и органы власти, так происходит из-за дефицита водных ресурсов и роста потребности в воде. На протяжении двадцати лет в Египте не хватает воды. Задача настоящей статьи - выяснить основные проблемы, связанные с управлением водными ресурсами в Египте, а также определиться с основными способами их решения, выявить эффективные способы охраны водного фонда Египта.

Материалы и методы

Материалы и методы.

Автор осуществил комплексный анализ на основе глубокого понимания произведенных исследований и имеющихся материалов.

Результаты

Результаты.

В результаты проведенного исследования установлено, что строительство плотины великого возрождения Эфиопии (Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam), орошение сельскохозяйственных земель и серьезные потери воды, испарение воды, незначительное количество дождей, рост численности населения и отсутствие необходимой информации представляют собой наиболее важные проблемы.

Выводы

Выводы.

Выявленные проблемы подлежат устранению путем проведения определенных мероприятий. Альтернативные источники водных ресурсов могут внести существенный вклад в сокращение дефицита воды. Землепользование на основе оптимизированного моделирования и географических информационных систем (ГИС) представляет собой эффективный комплексный способ управления водными ресурсами, который пока что мало применяется на территории Египта, но мог бы использоваться на территории разных регионов страны.

Introduction

Introduction.

Water resources management extracts the focus of researchers and authorities all over the world. This is due to water scarcity and increasing water needs. Egypt is one of these countries. Egypt has been suffering from water shortage for 20 years. This paper aims to clarify the main challenges facing water resources management in Egypt and possible opportunities to meet them. Find effective techniques for the conservation of water resources in Egypt.

Materials and methods

Materials and methods.

Comprehensive analysis and deep understanding of previous studies and materials was applied.

Results

Results.

It was found that the construction of the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam, irrigation of cultivated land and high losses, high evaporation rates and low rainfall, increasing population and the lake of information are the main challenges.

Conclusions

Conclusions.

Challenges can be eliminated through the execution of specific procedures. Water resources alternatives contribute significantly to mitigating water scarcity. Land use allocation based on optimization modeling and GIS is an effective technique for integrated water resources management. This method has not been addressed in Egypt much and can be applied to various zones.

проблемаЕгипетваловые внутренние расходы на НИОКРГИСраспределенное землепользованиеНилуправление водными ресурсамидефицит водыchallengeEgyptGERDGISland use allocationnilewater resources managementwater scarcityReferencesYasir S.A., Alessandra C., Yasir A.M., Nigel G.W., Roelvink J.A. Water resource assessment along the Blue Nile River, north Africa with a one-dimensional model // Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers - Water Management. 2014. Vol. 167. No. 7. Pp. 394-413. DOI: 10.1680/wama.13.00020Yasir S.A., Alessandra C., Yasir A.M., Nigel G.W., Roelvink J.A. Water resource assessment along the Blue Nile River, north Africa with a one-dimensional model // Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers - Water Management. 2014. Vol. 167. No. 7. Pp. 394-413. DOI: 10.1680/wama.13.00020Emad E., Dalia F., Brigitte U. Modeling high Aswan dam reservoir morphology using remote sensing to reduce evaporation // International Journal of Geosciences. 2014. Vol. 5. No. 2. Pp. 156-169. DOI: 10.4236/ijg.2014.52017Emad E., Dalia F., Brigitte U. Modeling high Aswan dam reservoir morphology using remote sensing to reduce evaporation // International Journal of Geosciences. 2014. Vol. 5. No. 2. Pp. 156-169. DOI: 10.4236/ijg.2014.52017Mohieeldin M.O., Ahmed M.A. Water management in Egypt for facing the future challenges // Journal of Advanced Research. 2016. Vol. 7. Pp. 403-412. DOI: 10.1016%2Fj.jare.2016.02.005Mohieeldin M.O., Ahmed M.A. Water management in Egypt for facing the future challenges // Journal of Advanced Research. 2016. Vol. 7. Pp. 403-412. DOI: 10.1016%2Fj.jare.2016.02.005Abdelhaleem F., Helal E. Impacts of grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam on different water usages in Upper Egypt // British Journal of Applied Science & Technology. 2015. Vol. 8. No. 5. Pp. 461-483. DOI: 10.9734/BJAST/2015/17252Abdelhaleem F., Helal E. Impacts of grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam on different water usages in Upper Egypt // British Journal of Applied Science & Technology. 2015. Vol. 8. No. 5. Pp. 461-483. DOI: 10.9734/BJAST/2015/17252Elsayed M.R., Omima S.S., Maha R.F., Gamal M.A. Integrated water resource management in Sharkia Governorate, East Nile Delta using numerical evaluation of water management strategies // Alexandria Engineering Journal. 2019. Vol. 58. No. 2. Pp. 757-771. DOI: 10.1016/j.aej.2019.06.006Elsayed M.R., Omima S.S., Maha R.F., Gamal M.A. Integrated water resource management in Sharkia Governorate, East Nile Delta using numerical evaluation of water management strategies // Alexandria Engineering Journal. 2019. Vol. 58. No. 2. Pp. 757-771. DOI: 10.1016/j.aej.2019.06.006Allam M.N., Allam G.I. Water resources in Egypt: future challenges and opportunities // Water International Journal. 2007. Vol. 32. No. 2. Pp. 205-218. DOI: 10.1080/02508060708692201Allam M.N., Allam G.I. Water resources in Egypt: future challenges and opportunities // Water International Journal. 2007. Vol. 32. No. 2. Pp. 205-218. DOI: 10.1080/02508060708692201Walaa Y.E., Ahmed H.E. Managing risks of the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam on Egypt // Ain-Shams Engineering Journal. 2018. Vol. 9. No. 4. Pp. 2383-2388. DOI: 10.1016/j.asej.2017.06.004Walaa Y.E., Ahmed H.E. Managing risks of the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam on Egypt // Ain-Shams Engineering Journal. 2018. Vol. 9. No. 4. Pp. 2383-2388. DOI: 10.1016/j.asej.2017.06.004Hamdy E., Slobodan D., Dragan A.S., Ioannis T. The Nile Water-Food-Energy Nexus under Uncertainty: Impacts of the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam // Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management. 2020. Vol. 146. No.11. DOI: 10.1061/(ASCE)WR.1943-5452.0001285Hamdy E., Slobodan D., Dragan A.S., Ioannis T. The Nile Water-Food-Energy Nexus under Uncertainty: Impacts of the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam // Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management. 2020. Vol. 146. No.11. DOI: 10.1061/(ASCE)WR.1943-5452.0001285Prakrut K., Wenzhao L., Hesham E., Venkataraman L., Thomas P., Daniele S. et al. An assessment of the filling process of the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam and its impact on the Downstream Countries // Remote Sensing. 2021. Vol. 13. No. 4. P. 711. DOI:10.3390/rs13040711Prakrut K., Wenzhao L., Hesham E., Venkataraman L., Thomas P., Daniele S. et al. An assessment of the filling process of the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam and its impact on the Downstream Countries // Remote Sensing. 2021. Vol. 13. No. 4. P. 711. DOI:10.3390/rs13040711Randa E. Water resources management: alarming crisis for Egypt // Journal of Management and Sustainability. 2014. Vol. 4. No. 3. DOI: 10.5539/jms.v4n3p108Randa E. Water resources management: alarming crisis for Egypt // Journal of Management and Sustainability. 2014. Vol. 4. No. 3. DOI: 10.5539/jms.v4n3p108Harby M., Naoya F. Water saving scenarios for effective irrigation management in Egyptian rice cultivation // Ecological Engineering. 2014. Vol. 70. Pp. 11-15. DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoleng.2014.04.005Harby M., Naoya F. Water saving scenarios for effective irrigation management in Egyptian rice cultivation // Ecological Engineering. 2014. Vol. 70. Pp. 11-15. DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoleng.2014.04.005Abdrabbo M.A., Farag A.A.,El-Desokey W.M.S. Implementing of RCPs Scenarios for the Prediction of Evapotranspiration in Egypt // International Journal of Plant & Soil Science. 2015. Vol. 6. No. 1. Pp. 50-63. DOI: 10.9734/IJPSS/2015/12721Abdrabbo M.A., Farag A.A.,El-Desokey W.M.S. Implementing of RCPs Scenarios for the Prediction of Evapotranspiration in Egypt // International Journal of Plant & Soil Science. 2015. Vol. 6. No. 1. Pp. 50-63. DOI: 10.9734/IJPSS/2015/12721Elshemy M., Khadr M. Hydrodynamic impacts of Egyptian Coastal Lakes due to climate change - example Manzala Lake // Eighteenth International Water Technology Conference, IWTC18. Sharm ElSheikh, Egypt, 12-14 March 2015.Elshemy M., Khadr M. Hydrodynamic impacts of Egyptian Coastal Lakes due to climate change - example Manzala Lake // Eighteenth International Water Technology Conference, IWTC18. Sharm ElSheikh, Egypt, 12-14 March 2015.Abdelshafy H.I., Elsaharty A.A., Regelsberger M., Platzer C. Rainwater issue in Egypt: quantity, climatic effect and future overlook // Journal of Mediterranean Marine Science. 2010. Vol. 11. No. 2. Pp. 245-257. DOI: 10.12681/mms.75Abdelshafy H.I., Elsaharty A.A., Regelsberger M., Platzer C. Rainwater issue in Egypt: quantity, climatic effect and future overlook // Journal of Mediterranean Marine Science. 2010. Vol. 11. No. 2. Pp. 245-257. DOI: 10.12681/mms.75Emad E., Brigitte U., Bernd E., Dalia F. Mitigating the impact of climate change by reducing evaporation losses: sediment removal from the High Aswan Dam reservoir // American Journal of Climate Change. 2017. Vol. 6. No. 2. Pp. 230-246. DOI: 10.4236/ajcc.2017.62012Emad E., Brigitte U., Bernd E., Dalia F. Mitigating the impact of climate change by reducing evaporation losses: sediment removal from the High Aswan Dam reservoir // American Journal of Climate Change. 2017. Vol. 6. No. 2. Pp. 230-246. DOI: 10.4236/ajcc.2017.62012Hamimi Z., El-Barkooky A., Frías J.M., Fritz H., El-Rahman Y.A. The geology of Egypt // Regional Geology Reviews. 2020. DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-15265-9Hamimi Z., El-Barkooky A., Frías J.M., Fritz H., El-Rahman Y.A. The geology of Egypt // Regional Geology Reviews. 2020. DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-15265-9Zaghloul A.S., Elsayed M., Elzawahry A. Impact of Upper Nile projects on the hydraulic performance of the White Nile and Jebel Aulia Dam operation // Twentieth International Water Technology Conference, IWTC20. Hurghada, Egypt, 18-20 May 2017. Pp. 549-560. DOI: http://iwtc.info/wp-content/uploads/2017/05/122.pdfZaghloul A.S., Elsayed M., Elzawahry A. Impact of Upper Nile projects on the hydraulic performance of the White Nile and Jebel Aulia Dam operation // Twentieth International Water Technology Conference, IWTC20. Hurghada, Egypt, 18-20 May 2017. Pp. 549-560. DOI: http://iwtc.info/wp-content/uploads/2017/05/122.pdfWael M.E., Mona G.I., Wael E.M. Flash flood risk estimation of Wadi Qena Watershed, Egypt Using GIS Based Morphometric Analysis // Journal of Applied Environmental Research. 2018. Vol. 40. No. 1. Pp. 36-45. DOI: 10.35762/AER.2018.40.1.4Wael M.E., Mona G.I., Wael E.M. Flash flood risk estimation of Wadi Qena Watershed, Egypt Using GIS Based Morphometric Analysis // Journal of Applied Environmental Research. 2018. Vol. 40. No. 1. Pp. 36-45. DOI: 10.35762/AER.2018.40.1.4

The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.