nsojoutСтроительство: наука и образованиеConstruction: Science and Education2305-5502ФГБОУ ВО «Национальный исследовательский Московский государственный строительный университет»nsojout-84Research ArticleАрхитектура. Реконструкция. Реставрация. Творческие концепции архитектурной деятельности. Архитектурное проектирование. Градостроительство. ГрадорегулированиеArchitecture. Reconstruction. Restoration. Creative concepts of architectural activity. Architectural design. Urban development. Urban managementГрадостроительные риски утраты культурного наследияUrban planning risks of losing cultural heritagehttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-8595-2101ЩербинаЕлена ВитальевнаScherbinaElena V.

доктор технических наук, профессор, профессор кафедры градостроительства

Doctor of Technical Sciences, Professor, Professor of the Department of Urban Planning

scherbinaEV@mgsu.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-6797-7559СалмоАлиSalmoAli

аспирант кафедры градостроительства

postgraduate of the Department of Urban Planning

alisalmorussia1993@gmail.comНациональный исследовательский Московский государственный строительный университет (НИУ МГСУ)РоссияMoscow State University of Civil Engineering (National Research University) (MGSU)Russian Federation2022301220221244663Copyright © Щербина Е.В., Салмо А., 20222022Щербина Е.В., Салмо А.Scherbina E.V., Salmo A.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.nso-journal.ru/jour/article/view/84Введение

Введение. 

Культурное наследие

Культурное наследие: памятники, ансамбли, здания и сооружения, археологические памятники определяют градостроительную идентичность поселения, отражают исторический путь развития народа и являются одним из главных приоритетов в градостроительстве. Градостроительные риски рассматриваются как возможность того, что произойдет нечто, оказывающее негативное воздействие на объекты, а также любые возможные потери, влияющие на ценность культурного наследия, которые можно разделить на несколько категорий.

Материалы и методы

Материалы и методы. 

С точки зрения теории множеств предложено описание изменений в совокупности материального и нематериального культурного наследия, происходящих в результате воздействия природных и антропогенных факторов, позволяющее определить основные риски его утраты. Предложенная математическая модель служит основой для разработки информационных инструментов для выявления, оценки и учета историко-культурного наследия в градостроительстве.

Результаты

Результаты. 

На основе ретроспективного анализа исторического развития г. Хомс предложена классификация объектов культурного наследия (ОКН), создана диаграмма трансформации коллективности объектов материального и нематериального культурного наследия в результате воздействия природных и человеческих факторов риска их утраты.

Выводы

Выводы. 

Установлено, что к наиболее высоким рискам утраты недвижимых ОКН относятся природные катастрофические процессы и явления (землетрясения), а также военные конфликты. В результате которых, в частности в г. Хомс, на смену византийской культуре сформировался новый местный архитектурный стиль «хомси».

Introduction

Introduction. 

Cultural heritage

Cultural heritage: monuments, ensembles, buildings and structures, archaeological sites define the urban identity of a settlement, reflect the historical development path of the people and are one of the main priorities in urban development. Urban risks are considered as the possibility of something happening that has a negative impact on the sites, as well as any possible loss that affects the value of cultural heritage, which can be divided into several categories.

Materials and methods

Materials and methods. 

From the point of view of the Sets Theory, the description of changes in the totality of tangible and intangible cultural heritage, occurring as a result of natural and anthropogenic factors, which allows to determine the main risks of its loss, has been proposed. The suggested mathematical model serves as the basis for the development of information tools for identification, assessment and consideration of historical and cultural heritage in urban planning.

Results

Results. 

Based on a retrospective analysis of the historical development of Homs, a classification of cultural heritage sites has been proposed, and a diagram of the transformation of the collectivity of objects of tangible and intangible cultural heritage as a result of natural and human factors of the risk of their loss has been created.

Conclusions

Conclusions. 

It was found that the highest risks of loss of immovable objects of cultural heritage include natural catastro­phic processes and phenomena (earthquakes), and military conflicts. As a result of which, in particular in the city of Homs, a new local architectural style “Homsi” was formed to replace the Byzantine culture.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.