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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">nsojout</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Строительство: наука и образование</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Construction: Science and Education</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="epub">2305-5502</issn><publisher><publisher-name>ФГБОУ ВО «Национальный исследовательский Московский государственный строительный университет»</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22227/2305-5502.2023.1.3</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">nsojout-90</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Строительные конструкции. Основания и фундаменты. Технология и организация строительства. Проектирование зданий и сооружений. Инженерные изыскания и обследование зданий</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Building structures. Soils and foundations. Technology and organization of construction. Designing of buildings and constructions. Engineering survey and inspection of buildings</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Обзор методов прогноза гидравлического разрыва противофильтрационного ядра каменно-земляной плотины</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Review of methods for predicting the hydraulic failure of a rockfill core dam</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1139-3164</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Саинов</surname><given-names>Михаил Петрович</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sainov</surname><given-names>Mikhail P.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доктор технических наук, профессор кафедры энергетических и гидротехнических сооружений</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Doctor of Technical Sciences, Professor of the Department of Energy and Hydraulic Structures</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">SainovMP@mgsu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3561-8612</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Болдин</surname><given-names>Александр Анатольевич</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Boldin</surname><given-names>Alexander A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>аспирант кафедры гидравлики и гидротехнического строительства</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Postgraduate student of the Department of Hydraulics and Hydrotechnical engineering</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">alex.boldin2012@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Национальный исследовательский университет «МЭИ» (НИУ «МЭИ»)</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>National Research University “Moscow Power Engineering Institute” (MPEI)</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Национальный исследовательский Московский государственный строительный университет&#13;
(НИУ МГСУ)</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (National Research University) (MGSU)</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>30</day><month>03</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>13</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>41</fpage><lpage>59</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Саинов М.П., Болдин А.А., 2023</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Саинов М.П., Болдин А.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Sainov M.P., Boldin A.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.nso-journal.ru/jour/article/view/90">https://www.nso-journal.ru/jour/article/view/90</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. С явлением гидравлического разрыва связывают аварии некоторых каменно-земляных плотин, при которых была нарушена целостность ядра, выполненного из глинистого грунта. Считается, что гидравлический разрыв возникает, когда давление воды, находящейся в порах и микротрещинах, преодолевает сжимающие напряжения в грунте. К настоящему времени предложены несколько методик расчетного прогноза гидравлического разрыва. Они направлены на определение условий возникновения гидравлического разрыва и определение величины критического давления воды, вызывающего рост трещины.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. Для систематизации информации о методах и методиках определения критического давления был выполнен обзор зарубежных научных публикаций.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Приведена классификация методов прогноза гидравлического разрыва. Теоретические методы основаны на использовании теории упругости, теории пластичности или механики разрушения. Самая простая методика основана на анализе напряженного состояния массива грунта. Описаны методики, основанные на анализе напряженно-деформированного состояния грунта вокруг полости, испытывающей внутреннее давление. В них рассматриваются несколько механизмов продвижения трещины, в том числе за счет потери прочности на растяжение и сдвиг. Также приведены эмпирические формулы, основанные на результатах лабораторных экспериментов. В рамках аналитического обзора было выполнено сравнение некоторых методик. Большинство методик сходятся в том, что критическое давление в первую очередь зависит от минимального главного напряжения σ3 в грунте. Сравнение показало, что критическое давление, рассчитанное по теоретической методике анализа трехосного напряженного состояния, заметно ниже, чем по эмпирическим методикам. При наличии полости более вероятной причиной гидроразрыва является потеря прочности грунта на сдвиг, а не на растяжение.</p></sec><sec><title>Выводы</title><p>Выводы. Несмотря на обилие методик прогноза гидравлического разрыва, в настоящее время не создано теоретически выверенной и точной методики.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Introduction</title><p>Introduction. The phenomenon of hydraulic fracture is associated with the failure of some earth-rock dams, in which the integrity of the core made of clay soil has been compromised. It is believed that hydraulic fracture occurs when the pressure of water contained in pores and microcracks overcomes the compressive stresses in the soil. At this point, several methods have been proposed for the computational prediction of hydraulic fracture. They are aimed at determining the conditions under which hydraulic fracture occurs and at determining the critical water pressure that causes fracture growth.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. A review of foreign scientific publications was carried out to systematise information on methods and techniques for critical pressure determination.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. The review gives a classification of methods for predicting hydraulic fracture. Theoretical methods are based on the usage of elasticity theory, plasticity theory or fracture mechanics. The simplest method is based on the analysis of the stress state of the soil mass. This review describes methods based on the analysis of the stress-strain state of soil around a cavity with internal pressure. They consider several mechanisms of crack propagation, including the loss of tensile and shear strength. Empirical formulas based on the results of laboratory experiments are also given. In the framework of the analytical review, a comparison of some methodologies has been carried out. Most of the methodologies agree that the critical pressure primarily depends on the minimum principal stress σ3 in the ground. The comparison showed that the critical pressure calculated by the theoretical triaxial stress analysis technique is noticeably lower than that calculated by the empirical techniques. In the presence of a cavity, the more likely cause of fracturing is the loss of shear strength of the soil rather than tensile strength.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusions</title><p>Conclusions. Despite the abundance of techniques for predicting hydraulic fracturing, no theoretically verified and accurate methodology has been established at the present time.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>плотина</kwd><kwd>гидравлический разрыв</kwd><kwd>трещинообразование</kwd><kwd>критическое поровое давление</kwd><kwd>напряженное состояние</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>dam</kwd><kwd>hydraulic fracture</kwd><kwd>cracking</kwd><kwd>critical pore pressure</kwd><kwd>stress state</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Vaughan P.P., Kluth D.J. et al. Cracking and erosion of the rolled clay core of Balderhead dam and the remedial works adopted for its repair // 10th ICOLD Congress. 1970. Vol. 36. Issue 5. Pp. 73–93.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Vaughan P.P., Kluth D.J. et al. 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