Substantiation of the functional composition of multifunctional public complexes based on the development of requirements for their design

Introduction. The paper substantiates the importance of an integrated approach to the design and organization of MPC, focusing on the interrelation of functional components and their role in the formation of multifunctional public structures. With the growing vital needs of society, the role of public buildings has undergone significant changes from ancient Roman and medieval prototypes to modern MPC. The results obtained can be used for further research in the field of architecture and urban planning, as well as in the development of new normative documents.

Materials and methods. The applied method of system analysis, which includes the study of evolutionary transformations of normative documents, analysis of the influence of historical stages characterizing the emergence of new functions of public buildings, allowed to identify the prerequisites for the formation of multifunctional public structures, to determine the functional-planning components and to formulate their significance in the structure of multifunctional public complexes.

Results. The presented work provides an in-depth analysis of the evolution of the functional composition of multifunctional public complexes (MPC) based on the historical development of normative documents in the construction sphere of the Russian Federation. The study covers the evolution of regulatory requirements from the 18th century to the present day, reflecting the key stages of the formation of the functions of public buildings. It is established that the formation of the regulatory framework began with the introduction of the first building regulations, such as the “Duty of Architectural Expedition”, and moved on to the creation of differentiated systems, such as Construction Standards and Regulations and modern codes of rules. Special attention is paid to distinguishing multifunctional objects as a separate typological group and studying their role in meeting a wide range of population needs. The authors classify the functional-planning components of the MPC into complex-forming (dominant, symbiotic and subject) and additional ones. Among the key functions are commercial, administrative and business, residential, recreational and memorial.

Conclusions. The prerequisites for the formation of multifunctional public structures are revealed, functional-planning components are defined and their significance in the structure of a multifunctional public complex is formulated.

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