A research into the feasibility of green roof design in Russia: a case study of the Ryazan region

Introduction.

The era of high technologies and economy disrupts interaction between man and nature, worsening the state of the environment and living conditions on Earth. In Russia, the construction industry follows a classical development model and applies stereotypical patterns of urban design. Finding problem solving methods means identification of problem triggers that help to clearly understand and develop rational problem tackling mechanisms. Green roofs suggest an advanced approach to architecture and urbanization whereby green spaces take the place of new buildings. Supplementary dynamic space is not reduced to its decorative and environmental functions.

Materials and methods.

We applied such research methods as analysis, the system approach, synthesis, deduction, and comparative analysis. The initial review of the state of affairs in the Ryazan region was performed with regard for the theoretical nature of this study; correlation and regression analysis were employed to assess territories and spaces.

Results.

The history of green roof systems is analyzed in the article. Systematization of the effective regulatory and technical framework enabled the co-authors to assess the widespread applicability of the green roof technology in Russia. Special attention is paid to the issues that are not covered by effective domestic regulations. The research work has shown that the first edition of GOST (All-Russian State Standard) 58875 is an attempt to consolidate previously issued manuals and recommendations. There is no information available about the seasonal efficiency of green roof solutions in different Russian regions. A number of issues remain unresolved. The “green roof” policy has not been developed.

Conclusions.

Russia is not ready for large-scale construction of green roofs. Further research into green construction should be carried out with regard for unstable climatic conditions in different regions of the country to confirm the feasibility of green roofing at the legislative level.

1. Barnosky A.D., Hadly E.A., Bascompte J., Berlow E.L., Brown J.H., Fortelius M. et al. Approaching a state shift in Earth’s biosphere // Nature. 2012. Vol. 486. Issue 7401. Pp. 52-58. DOI: 10.1038/nature11018

2. Дульзон А.А. Устойчивое развитие и ресурсоэффективность: проблемы, противоречия // Философская мысль. 2017. № 3. С. 131-148. DOI: 10.7256/2409-8728.2017.3.22139

3. Pereira H.M., Leadley P.W., Proença V., Alkemade R., Scharlemann J.P.W., Fernandez-Manjarrés J.F. et al. Scenarios for Global Biodiversity in the 21st Century // Science. 2010. Vol. 330. Issue 6010. Pp. 1496-1501. DOI: 10.1126/science.1196624

4. Ильичев В.А., Емельянов С.Г., Колчунов В.И., Бакаева Н.В. Инновационные технологии в строительстве городов. Биосферная совместимость и человеческий потенциал. М. : Изд-во АСВ, 2019. 208 с.

5. Shafique M., Xue X., Luo X. An overview of carbon sequestration of green roofs in urban areas // Urban Forestry & Urban Greening. 2020. Vol. 47. P. 126515. DOI: 10.1016/j.ufug.2019.126515

6. Muntean M., Guizzardi D., Schaaf E., Crippa M., Solazzo E., Olivier J.G.J. et al. Fossil CO2 emissions of all world countries // 2018 Report. 2018. DOI: 10.2760/30158

7. Ильичев В.А., Колчунов В.И., Берсенев А.В., ПоздняковА.Л. Некоторые вопросы проектирования поселений с позиции концепции биосферной совместимости // Academia. Архитектура и строительство. 2009. № 1. С. 74-80.

8. Yuliani S., Hardiman G., Setyowati E. Green-roof: The role of community in the substitution of green-space toward sustainable development // Sustainability. 2020. Vol. 12. Issue 4. P. 1429. DOI: 10.3390/su12041429

9. Grant G. Green roofs and facades. Bracknell : IHS BRE Press, 2006. 71 p.

10. Wilkinson S.J., Feitosa R.C. Retrofitting housing with lightweight green roof technology in Sydney, Australia, and Rio de Janeiro, Brazil // Sustainability. 2015. Vol. 7. Issue 1. Pp. 1081-1098. DOI: 10.3390/su7011081

11. Pierce G., Gmoser-Daskalakis K., Jessup K., Grant S.B., Mehring A., Winfrey B. et al. University stormwater management within urban environmental regulatory regimes: Barriers to progressivity or opportunities to innovate? // Environmental Management. 2021. Vol. 67. Issue 1. Pp. 12-25. DOI: 10.1007/s00267-020-01377-3

12. Velazquez L.S. Organic greenroof architecture: Design considerations and system components // Environmental Quality Management. 2005. Vol. 15. Issue 1. Pp. 61-71. DOI: 10.1002/tqem.20068

13. Townshend D. Study on Green Roof Application in Hong Kong. URL: https://www.devb.gov.hk/filemanager/en/content_29/Green%20roof%20study_executive%20summary%20eng.pdf

14. Taylor R. Green roofs turn cities upside down // Ecos. 2008. Issue 143. P. 18-21.

15. Tan Y., Liu G., Zhang Y., Shuai C., Shen G.Q. Green retrofit of aged residential buildings in Hong Kong: A preliminary study // Building and Environment. 2018. Vol. 143. Pp. 89-98. DOI: 10.1016/j.buildenv.2018.06.058

16. Peck S. Tokyo Begins to Tackle Urban Heat With Green Roofs // Green Roof Infrastructure Monitor. 2001. Vol. 3. Issue 2. P. 4.

17. Dhakal K., Chevalier L. Managing urban stormwater for urban sustainability: Barriers and policy solutions for green infrastructure application // Journal of Environmental Management. 2017. Vol. 203. Issue 1. Pp. 171-181. DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2017.07.065

18. Vijayaraghavan K. Green roofs: A critical review on the role of components, benefits, limitations and trends // Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews. 2016. Vol. 57. Pp. 740-752. DOI: 10.1016/j.rser.2015.12.119

19. Huang B., Mauerhofer V., Geng Y. Analysis of existing building energy saving policies in Japan and China // Journal of Cleaner Production. 2015. Vol. 112. Pp. 1510-1518. DOI: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2015.07.041

20. Gary G., Dusty G. Living roofs and walls from policy to practice. 10 years of urban greening in London and beyond. URL: https://livingroofs.org/london-2019-green-roof-report/

21. Shen L., He B., Jiao L., Song X., Zhang X. Research on the development of main policy instruments for improving building energy-efficiency // Journal of Cleaner Production. 2016. Vol. 112. Pp. 1789-1803. DOI: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2015.06.108

22. Kalantari M., Ghezelbash S., Yaghmaei B. People and green roofs: Expectations and perceptions of citizens about green roofs development, an Iranian case study // Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences. 2016. DOI: 10.5901/mjss.2016.v7n2s2p138

23. Aziz H.A., Ismail Z. Design guideline for sustainable green roof system // 2011 IEEE Symposium on Business, Engineering and Industrial Applications (ISBEIA). 2011. DOI: 10.1109/ISBEIA.2011.6088803

24. Irga P.J., Braun J.T., Douglas A.N.J., Pettit T., Fujiwara S., Burchett M.D. et al. The distribution of green walls and green roofs throughout Australia: Do policy instruments influence the frequency of projects? // Urban Forestry & Urban Greening. 2017. Vol. 24. Pp. 164-174. DOI: 10.1016/j.ufug.2017.03.026

25. Tassicker N., Rahnamayiezekavat P., Sutrisna M. An insight into the commercial viability of green roofs in Australia // Sustainability. 2016. Vol. 8. Issue 7. P. 603. DOI: 10.3390/su8070603

26. Pianella A., Bush J., Chen Z., Williams N.S.G., Aye L. Green roofs in Australia: review of thermal performance and associated policy development // 50th International Conference of Architectural Science Association. 2016.

27. Ismail Z., Aziz H.A., Nasir N.M., Taib M.Z.M. Comparative study on green roof mechanism in developed countries // 2012 IEEE Symposium on Business, Engineering and Industrial Applications. 2012. DOI: 10.1109/ISBEIA.2012.6422975

28. Dong J., Zuo J., Luo J. Development of a management framework for applying green roof policy in Urban China: A preliminary study // Sustainability. 2020. Vol. 12. Issue 24. P. 10364. DOI: 10.3390/su122410364

29. Teotónio I., Silva C.M., Cruz C.O. Eco-solutions for urban environments regeneration: The economic value of green roofs // Journal of Cleaner Production. 2018. Vol. 199. Pp. 121-135. DOI: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.07.084

30. Van der Meulen S.H. Costs and benefits of green roof types for cities and building owners // Journal of Sustainable Development of Energy, Water and Environment Systems. 2019. Vol. 7. Issue 1. Pp. 57-71. DOI: 10.13044/j.sdewes.d6.0225

31. Wu Y., Shen L., Zhang Y., Shuai C., Yan H., Lou Y. et al.A new panel for analyzing the impact factors on carbon emission: A regional perspective in China // Ecological Indicators. 2019. Vol. 97. Pp. 260-268. DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolind.2018.10.006

32. Shin E., Kim H. Benefit-cost analysis of green roof initiative projects: The case of Jung-gu, Seoul // Sustainability. 2019. Vol. 11. Issue 12. P. 3319. DOI: 10.3390/su11123319

33. Liberalesso T., Cruz C.O., Silva C.M., Manso M. Green infrastructure and public policies: An international review of green roofs and green walls incentives // Land Use Policy. 2020. Vol. 96. P. 104693. DOI: 10.1016/j.landusepol.2020.104693

34. Maya S., Steven W.P., Jeff J. Green roof and wall policy in North America. Regulations, Incentives, and Best Practices. URL: https://greenroofs.org/policy-resources