Влияние ливневых паводков на строительство сооружений по сбору дождевой воды

Введение. Нехватка пресной воды стала серьезной проблемой. Основные причины водного кризиса — рост населения и изменение климата. Египет — засушливая страна, которая сталкивается с дефицитом воды в результате растущего спроса и ограниченного предложения. В этой ситуации требуется применение новых подходов для решения проблем нехватки воды. Вади Ватир на Синайском полуострове, выбранный в качестве области исследования, — важный туристический и коммерческий водораздел, в котором отмечаются недостаток воды и угроза внезапных наводнений.

Материалы и методы. Впервые исследуется влияние непредсказуемых паводков на внедрение систем сбора дождевой воды (СДВ). Карты риска внезапных наводнений и структуры СДВ разработаны с помощью геоинформационной системы (ГИС).

Результаты. Установили, что пять перколяционных резервуаров, пять контрольных плотин, 11,15 км2 площади наземных резервуаров для перколяции и 0,48 км2 площади для фермерских прудов являются оптимальными под сбор воды во время внезапных наводнений.

Выводы. Определили развитие Вади Ватир и выделили три этапа. Показали, что возникновение непрогнозируемых наводнений влияет на планы развития. Воздействие внезапных наводнений следует учитывать при расчете проектной мощности сооружений СДВ.

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