Factors of formation and development of acoustic environment of public spaces of city streets

Introduction. One of the main technogenic factors in the formation of environmental problems is the road transport complex, which has an aggressive impact on the environment. This is due to the high rates of urbanisation around the world. One of the main environmental risks in the process of rapid urban development is considered to be a change in the acoustic environment of urban streets due to an increase in noise pollution. It is necessary to identify and systematise the factors affecting the acoustic environment of public spaces of city streets, in order to subsequently identify patterns between the structure of streets, their functional and object content and the soundscape. The purpose of the study is to identify and systematize the main factors determining the noise impact on public spaces of urban streets, the quality of the acoustic environment of street territories.

Materials and methods. In the course of this study, the following methods were used: graphoanalytic, review, systematisation, comparative analysis and synthesis based on scientific and literary sources related to modern approaches to the assessment and organisation of the acoustic environment of urban spaces, as well as well as methods of protection from traffic noise.

Results. The main factors influencing the acoustic environment of the street space are identified, as well as determining the potential for changes to improve the soundscape. The factors of the acoustic environment are systematised into the following groups: noise factors — affect the noise level, the nature of its occurrence, propagation in the environment and its reduction; sound factors — influence the perception of the acoustic environment, as well as well as the quality of the soundscape of a city street.

Conclusions. Within the framework of this study, based on the analysis of modern domestic and foreign sources, which reflect approaches to the assessment, design of soundscapes, protection from noise of urbanised territories, an assumption is formulated about the relationship of noise and sound factors affecting the quality of the acoustic environment, which confirms the need for additional research of this dependence and the formation of a new strategy for the organization of the soundscape public spaces of city streets.

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