Introduction.

This article addresses the question of existing problems of development of construction industry in agriculture. Outdated old construction technologies and building structures give a reason for optimization and introduction of modern technologies in agricultural production. The outdated technologies of agricultural construction have a negative impact on the position of agricultural industry in the world stage of trade and economy of countries, while optimization and inevitable modernization of agricultural production and construction allow securing a foothold in the world market. Aspiration to take the lead in the world market is one of the most important tasks of agricultural industry. The agricultural industry also plays an oversize role in human life and the health, efficiency, development and activity of citizens depend directly on the quality of products delivered to the shop windows. This scope of research of this article is a comparison of traditional, temporary, field vegetable storehouses operating in winter time with modern technology of construction of these facilities in terms of technology, efficiency, environmental friendliness, mobility, availability, functionality and profitability.

Materials and methods.

In the course of this work, the following research methods were used: familiarization with the relevant statutes and regulations related to the study area, comparison of traditional and modern methods of vegetable storage in the field environment during the winter period and identification of the main advantages and disadvantages.

Results.

The positive and negative sides of the design and methods of construction of modern and traditional outdated technology have been revealed, as well as optimization of construction solutions necessary to ensure conditions for maintaining the quality of products in due form.

Conclusions.

Modern construction concepts and development of agricultural construction is an important area that allows provoking the trend of economic growth of countries, to take a leading position in the world market, to improve the quality of life of citizens, to improve the ecological system of the area and develop business activities.

Introduction.

This article reviews the brief history of palliative care spreading, it also studies specific characteristics of palliative care centers architecture. It also gives attention to the current condition of hospices in our country, and to the problems and opportunities that these hospices face.

Materials and methods.

Studies consider, firstly, methods of comparative analysis and synthesis of foreign and domestic scientific, literary and design materials; secondly, use of opinion poll findings; thirdly, use of interdisciplinary approach, which takes into account issues in the fields in medicine, sociology, legal regulations, that affect a set of requirements for hospice and palliative care centers design.

Results.

Of the survey are presented as recommendations for the design of hospice territory, their landscaping, architectural planning and architectural-artistic characteristics of hospice design. These results can be used in architectural practice of hospice and palliative care centers design, as well as in the teaching and learning process as guidelines for hospice and palliative care centers design.

Conclusions.

Basic recommendations for hospice design are introduced. Problem analysis in the context of architectural planning and city planning organization of hospices will help to improve the structure of such architectural objects, and investigate their typology for future evolution. Public involvement in palliative care evolution, and in particular from the point of view of their architectural and spatial design, places an emphasis not only on currently dominating entertainment culture, but also on human duty and dignity.

Introduction.

Architectural quality is required at all design stages: from the layout to its implementation, but in particular cases it (high quality) becomes a primary objective. That is why in this article we emphasize the idea of architectural quality and its particular importance in the strategy of sports facilities design in Aleppo, which, in their turn, will help the population get back into physical shape and resume peaceful life.

Materials and methods.

The study has been conducted on the basis of analysis of published sources that have been studied theoretically. The following materials have been studied: Aleppo aerial photography based on published survey, conducted by the organization UN-HABITAT as an addition to the information from Syrian Statistical Office, Ministry of Local Administration and Environment and Local Decision Support Center from 2011 till 2019.

Results.

Current condition of sports facilities in Aleppo has been studied for the following criteria: number, quality and technical condition. Because of use of such architectural quality criteria as context, experience and scale in the design strategy, mentioned in study, the optimal model of sports facility has been reached from the point of view of architectural form and its social-sport role for the environment.

Conclusions.

In all times, sport played and still plays an essential role in successful social life. That is why sports facilities are the first step that becomes a necessary condition for fulfilling that role. Currently, Syria experiences the reconstruction stage in all types of construction, and the most important now is to restore the society, and this is why at this stage the idea of architectural quality is essential for getting a model of ideal sports facility.

Introduction.

Water engineering facilities utilize geosynthetic barriers of various materials, but the most common are polyvinylchloride (PVC) and polyethylene (PE) considered to be the most efficient. However, the utilization of thermoset geosynthetics (PVC and PE) as watertight elements of the geosynthetic barriers of earth dams has also a number of drawbacks. In the course of time, PVC can lose its properties due to plasticizer loss, whereas PE is susceptible to cracking at thermal impacts. That is why it is necessary to consider geosynthetic barriers of other types as alternatives. For this purpose, we studied the deformability and the strength of geosynthetic barriers of thermoset material (chlorosulfonated polyethylene - CSPE), as well as of a rubber-type synthetic material (ethylene-propylene diene monomer - EPDM).

Materials and methods.

Sample testing of geosynthetic barrier materials for monoaxial extension was conducted by means of a tensile-testing machine, which records during the experiment the changes of the tensile force and the longitudinal extension. The changes of the cross-section area of the samples were measured by means of a digital side caliper.

Results.

It was determined that of the considered geosynthetic barrier types (PE, PVC, CSPE and EPDM) the strongest one is the reinforced CSPE type and the most deformable is the EPDM barrier. Reinforced CSPE geosynthetic barrier has a tensile strength above 100 MPa, it is approximately 5 times higher than that of PVC and PE barriers. By deformability, reinforced CSPE barrier is similar to PE barriers. An EPDM geosynthetic barrier has the linear deformation modulus around 1 MPa, it is capable of a multiple extension without loss of strength.

Conclusions.

By strength vs. deformability ratio, EPDM geosynthetic barriers can compete with PVC barriers.

Introduction.

The process of integrated wastewater treatment from nutrients and biogenic elements, especially from ammonia nitrogen and nitrogen compounds, is the main function in the operation of a wastewater treatment plant nowadays. Due to creating an aerobic and anoxic media in structures with suspended activated sludge, biochemical reactions of nitrification and denitrification are realized. To increase the efficiency of wastewater treatment from nitrogen compounds using suspended microflora, it is necessary to determine the influence of technological parameters - hydrogen ion concentration, dissolved oxygen level and oxidation-reduction potential (ORP) on the integrated biological wastewater treatment process.

Materials and methods.

Experiments aimed at solving the problems posed for each reaction were conducted in order to determine the influence of technological parameters on the rate of nitrification and denitrification in a biological contact reactor.

Results.

As a result of the experiment, the values of the specific rate of nitrification with the optimal pH value of the reactor were obtained. For the denitrification process, the ratio between the dissolved oxygen level, the ORP, and the specific denitrification rate are estimated.

Conclusions.

It was shown that the pH value, dissolved oxygen level and ORP play a significant part in the process of integrated wastewater treatment from nitrogen compounds.

Introduction.

It is obviously essential to form economic thinking among students with major in architecture. The notion of the cost effectiveness of the elements of the projected residential environment determines a comprehensive approach to the architectural planning of residential construction with due regard to: requirements for land use planning and urban development zoning, based on building types varying in their use, form of property, services, functionality, number of floors and quality classes; transport and pedestrian traffic, which provides an optimal access to the external supporting infrastructure; landscape planning requirements of sustainable environment. The practical relevance of methodological recommendations lies in the use of the algorithm for evaluating the facility under design, which provides for an effective model of economic development of residential construction. The purpose of methodological recommendations is to illustrate the cost effectiveness of the most appropriate design solution, which covers scientifically based estimation designing criteria in terms of cost indicators, results and the payback period of the implemented investment and construction project. The scientific novelty involves the development of the Algorithm as well as the Procedure for evaluation of a comprehensive cost-effective design model within the scope of architectural planning of residential areas.

Materials and methods.

The following materials were used: methodological recommendations, rules and regulations, regulations on the permitted use of land plots and capital structures of the Rules for land use and development, the Urban Planning Code of the Russian Federation, regulations on marginal construction costs. Within the scope of reviewing regulatory documents, methods of comparative and absolute effectiveness, the analysis and synthesis of methods for planning, designing and implementing remodeled and new architectural and construction facilities were applied.

Results.

Scientifically based proposals on the application of the Algorithm of organizational and methodical phases for comprehensive cost-effective modeling of a residence building.

Conclusions.

The hypothesis regarding the creation of an algorithm for evaluating cost effectiveness of residential construction development has been confirmed.

Introduction.

Currently, there are numerous discussions concerning a relevant issue - the impact of transformations of the higher education system on the quality of graduates of technical universities. It is important to analyze the advantages and disadvantages of modern higher education in construction in comparison with one of the Soviet period and to define the direction it should be developed in the future. The present article analyzes the changes that higher education in construction has undergone since 1955 to the present time.

Materials and methods.

The data used in the analysis include regulatory documents which regulated the implementation of educational activities in different years: orders, classifiers, model curricula and state educational standards. The requirements to the structure and results of the study of educational programs in the field of construction were analyzed.

Results.

The analysis showed that over the past decades, higher education in construction has undergone significant changes. Fundamental transformations took place at the turn of the millennium when changing from a disciplinary to a competence model of education, as well as from direct government management of the education system to the normative legal regulation of educational activities. If in Soviet times, training was delivered under model curricula of construction specialties, now training is mainly performed according to Bachelor’s and Master’s degree programs, the content of which educational institutions determine independently on the basis of educational standards.

Conclusions.

The performed analysis identified the deficiencies in the modern system of higher education. The imperfection of the regulatory framework, the deficiencies of the competence approach make it impossible to ensure quality training of specialists in the construction industry. This involves improvement of higher education system, including in the field of construction. It is necessary to establish more detailed requirements to the study results and the content of educational programs. It requires among educational standards, exemplary basic educational programs.