Introduction. The relevance of research on the choice of enclosing structures to increase the thermal protection of the building in harsh climates is associated with the reduction of heating costs. However, that affects the improvement of the environmental situation in the regions, the development of the construction industry in conditions of a sharp increase in energy prices and the need to comply with the requirements of energy efficiency, contributes to increased interest in technologies that can provide a more effective thermal protection of buildings.

Materials and methods. Types of enclosing structures of monolithic frame residential buildings are studied and the most rational solutions in terms of thermal protection for designing in harsh climate conditions are selected.

Results. Enclosing structures in buildings with frame structural system were studied, the necessity of increasing thermal protection of buildings in the Republic of Sakha was considered, the resource base for construction in Yakutia was studied. The climatic conditions were analyzed, calculation of thermophysical properties of structures, economic analysis of the cost of construction materials and the cost of building envelopes were made.

Conclusions. Based on the results of the study, a list of considered structures is compiled, thermophysical and technical and economic indicators for the enclosing structures of residential buildings are calculated. Obtained results led to the selection of the best type of enclosing structure with thermal protection.

Introduction. The article deals with methods of determining the design values of the bearing capacity of a thin-walled rod experiencing compression deformation (taking into account the probable local buckling) according to domestic and European normative documents and the design standards of North America.

Materials and methods. Calculations for thin-walled cold-formed C-shaped steel sections were carried out. Methods such as collection and systematization of information data, theoretical generalization of materials obtained in the analysis of domestic and foreign normative and technical documents, comparative analysis were used.

Results. The comparison of methods for determining the load-bearing capacity of thin-walled rods under local buckling was made. The calculation algorithms are presented in tables. The results are summarized in unified tables.

Conclusions. Based on the analysis of results (taking as a reference for comparison the load-bearing capacity determined in accordance with SP 260.1325800.2016) a difference of 5 with EN 1993-1-3 and 12 % with AISI S100–16 was obtained. Graphs of correspondence between the load-bearing capacity and geometric characteristics of the cross-section (height, width and thickness) are shown. They give a visual representation of the difference in approaches to the development of normative and technical documents in different countries.

Introduction. Surplus water pore pressure always appears in a clayey soil of the seepage control core of a high earth core rockfill dam. It may reach high values and present threat the dam safety. With time the pore pressure decreases but the soil consolidation may be durable; duration of consolidation process can be determined by the analytical and numerical methods. Our previous studies showed that only numerical modeling of the structure stress-strain state (SSS) and unsteady regime may adequately simulate the process of pore pressure formation and dissipation. Therefore, of interest is the use of numerical modeling also for estimation of soil consolidation process duration in the core of a rockfill dam.

Materials and methods. Study of duration of surplus core pressure dissipation was conducted with the aid of numerical modeling of SSS and seepage regime on the example of an ultra-high rockfill dam with a central core. Analysis was carried out for several options of core clayey soil permeability.

Results. The results of numerical modeling showed that pore pressure in the core considerably affects the SSS of the whole dam, its displacements and stresses. It was established that at permeability exceeding 1 · 10–7 сm/s the soil consolidation completes even during construction period, and at permeability less than 1 · 10–8 сm/s the consolidation continues for dozens of years. As compared to a simple analytical method of the seepage consolidation theory the duration of consolidation process turned to be approximately two times as less. This is related to the fact that numerical modeling takes into account that movement of the seepage flow is realized not only into a drainage facility but also penetrates in the zones with less pore pressure.

Conclusions. By the results of numerical modeling the core soil consolidation is completed two times as fast as compared with the analysis results obtained by a simple analytical method.

Introduction. The growth trend in the construction of wooden structures for industrial and civil purposes is indicated. The problem of creating wooden structures from standard lumber is formulated. Modern technological solutions for creating innovative structures of buildings and structures made of wood in industrial and civil engineering are presented. The purpose of this research paper is given.

Materials and methods. The subject of this research is the CLT and MHM technologies used for the manufacture of unique load-bearing structures in the construction of industrial and civil buildings made of wood. The paper presents the technical characteristics of panels for the construction of wooden buildings and structures. Examples of completed and ongoing buildings and structures are considered. The main differences between the production solutions of CLT and MHM panel manufacturing technologies are formulated. The main prospects for the use of wooden multi-storey construction are considered.

Results. The general technical feature of CLT and MHM panels related to the mandatory use of finishing materials after the installation of structures is analyzed. The main advantages and disadvantages of manufacturing solutions for CLT and MHM panel manufacturing technologies are formulated separately.

Conclusions. Despite the similarity of the manufacturing processes of CLT and MHM panels, they differ in that CLT panels are created by gluing slats in presses, while MHM panels are assembled using aluminum nails. The use of CLT technology is optimal for the construction of multi-storey buildings. The main obstacle to the mass use of MHM panels in Russia is the lack of conducted tests of such structures. Wooden multi — storey construction made of CLT and MHM panels is a reality, as it meets modern standards of energy-efficient construction.

Introduction. Ensuring the reliability of lattice structures of overhead line (OL) supports is the primary task of the designer. If the calculation and design of typical structures of mass construction is carried out in accordance with the current regulatory documents, then the issue of ensuring the guaranteed minimum required level of reliability of OL supports is carried out by using various types of reliability factors. In fact, FORM methods (first-order methods for determining the reliability of building structures) remain, since SORM methods (second-order methods) are extremely difficult to implement. At the same time, current regulatory documents do not provide an unambiguous algorithm for determining the reliability characteristics of OL support structures.

Materials and methods. The paper proposes a method for determining the susceptibility of steel structures of power transmission lines to avalanche-like collapse based on a numerically reasonable determination of the excluded elements of the system for forming a secondary calculation scheme. It is based on the calculation based on the finite element method in a geometrically and structurally nonlinear formulation. This method allows for a clear determination of the most critical structural rods, rather than assigning them based on engineering experience or recommendations.

Results. A method for determining the numerical reliability characteristics of steel structures of power transmission lines is proposed based on the finite element method in a stochastic formulation. The failure range β serves as the main characteristic. The sought reliability of the system is between the lower value of βmin (the characteristic of one of the most critical elements of the system) and the upper value of βmax (the characteristic for a group of the most critical elements of the system), determined during the analysis of the structure for the tendency to avalanche-like collapse. In order to test the proposed methods, the reliability of the anchor-angle support U220-2+9 was analysed. Based on the calculation results, insufficient reliability of the structure for the design situation with the maximum of the considered loads was revealed.

Conclusions. A technique was developed for analyzing the tendency of steel rod structures of power transmission line supports to avalanche-like collapse, which makes it possible to determine the most dangerous elements of the system for a specific type of loading.

Introduction. The paper substantiates the importance of an integrated approach to the design and organization of MPC, focusing on the interrelation of functional components and their role in the formation of multifunctional public structures. With the growing vital needs of society, the role of public buildings has undergone significant changes from ancient Roman and medieval prototypes to modern MPC. The results obtained can be used for further research in the field of architecture and urban planning, as well as in the development of new normative documents.

Materials and methods. The applied method of system analysis, which includes the study of evolutionary transformations of normative documents, analysis of the influence of historical stages characterizing the emergence of new functions of public buildings, allowed to identify the prerequisites for the formation of multifunctional public structures, to determine the functional-planning components and to formulate their significance in the structure of multifunctional public complexes.

Results. The presented work provides an in-depth analysis of the evolution of the functional composition of multifunctional public complexes (MPC) based on the historical development of normative documents in the construction sphere of the Russian Federation. The study covers the evolution of regulatory requirements from the 18th century to the present day, reflecting the key stages of the formation of the functions of public buildings. It is established that the formation of the regulatory framework began with the introduction of the first building regulations, such as the “Duty of Architectural Expedition”, and moved on to the creation of differentiated systems, such as Construction Standards and Regulations and modern codes of rules. Special attention is paid to distinguishing multifunctional objects as a separate typological group and studying their role in meeting a wide range of population needs. The authors classify the functional-planning components of the MPC into complex-forming (dominant, symbiotic and subject) and additional ones. Among the key functions are commercial, administrative and business, residential, recreational and memorial.

Conclusions. The prerequisites for the formation of multifunctional public structures are revealed, functional-planning components are defined and their significance in the structure of a multifunctional public complex is formulated.

Introduction. This study attempts to characterize the current state of palliative care, to identify the features and characteristics in the architectural design of palliative institutions in African countries. The relevance of this paper is related to the need to study international experience in the field of architectural organization of palliative care in a complex social, economic, logistical and epidemiological situation.

Materials and methods. Scientific papers on the architectural design of palliative care facilities in African countries, logistical relationships, socio-economic and epidemiological conditions for the development of palliative care, published in 2008–2024, presented on the portals eLibrary, Scopus, PubMed, Web of Science, were analyzed.

Results. A brief history of the development of palliative care on the African continent is presented. The main difficulties in the development of this area have been identified. The paper presents the characteristic features and peculiarities of the architectural environment of palliative institutions in Africa, including functional, stylistic, climatic, cultural, religious, social, epidemiological and economic. The design features of palliative care facilities in African countries demonstrate how architectural solutions become a tool for adapting to unique conditions, while maintaining a balance between functionality, cultural traditions, aesthetics and humanity.

Conclusions. The main architectural differences from world analogues are that African institutions are more often built with the utmost minimization of construction and operation costs and maximum emphasis on the functionality, flexibility and sustainability of the building. Limited resources shift the focus from high-tech solutions and the availability of specialized medical facilities, adopted in developed countries, to simplicity and sustainability of architectural solutions that ensure their operational efficiency and durability.

Introduction. Currently, more than 3.5 million Muscovites live in apartment buildings (AB) with major repairs. In 2015, the Moscow capital repair program was launched. The program is designed until 2044. It includes: 29 thousand houses. The quality of major repairs is under the close attention of citizens and the media. However, despite the transparency of the process of organizing capital repairs the number of complaints from residents on the website of the mayor of Moscow does not decrease. This fact caused the need for a survey.

Materials and methods. The authors conducted a survey using the Delphi method. 160 residents of Moscow and the nearest Moscow region participated in the survey.

Results. Both stages of the survey showed that the residents are ready to suffer inconveniences during the renovation process. And the priority is the use of high-quality, non-toxic materials and the quality of the finish.

Conclusions. The survey made it possible to calculate the weighting factors of the factors, which led to the creation of a methodology for rapid assessment of capital repairs in the AB based on a statistical approach. The study of public opinion at the next level will allow to identify topical issues during major repairs (justification and preparation of work plans, selection of effective and acceptable technological solutions, etc.), as well as to supplement existing regulatory documents.

Introduction. The paper presents comparative results of experimental studies of innovative 3D geogrids in comparison with traditionally produced flat geogrids Slavros SD-40 and Armoset B, used for reinforcement of soil foundations. Damageability of geogrids under compaction load, separating function of geogrids and wedging ability were evaluated during experimental studies.

Materials and methods. The wedging ability, separating function and resistance to failure of ready-made geogrids samples were evaluated in laboratory conditions using the developed design of a test container, which is a metal box with dimensions 20 × 20 × 20 cm and a metal lid with dimensions 19.5 × 19.5 × 10.5 cm with a wall thickness of 5 mm. A ZIM P-10 hydraulic machine was used as a press to simulate the sealing unit.

Results. Damage test results showed that the Armoset B and Slavros SD-40 geogrid specimen sustained numerous damages in the form of rib failures, indentations and kinking of individual strands. Based on the total amount of damage and the nature of damage to the laid paper layer, as an indicator, the jamming of the stone material is minimal, characteristic tears on the sheet are observed and the penetration of the stone material through the reinforced geogrid is noticeable. For 3D geogrid, based on the number of damages on the paper layer, we can speak about a sufficient and high percentage of stone material jamming. The geogrid perfectly coped with the function of separation of loose sand and crushed stone layers. The jamming of stone material occurs above the reinforcement layer, which is very important for reinforcing interlayers and increasing the efficiency of reinforcement layers.

Conclusions. The results of experimental studies with the developed design of innovative 3D geogrid showed that this geogrid has significant prospects for its application as a reinforcing interlayer in civil engineering. More extensive experimental studies are required to assess the operational efficiency.

Introduction. The digital transformation of the architectural and construction industry has led to the active development of computer-aided design technologies, with generative design integrated into BIM modelling playing a special role. This research aims to analyze the current state and prospects of generative design application for architectural solutions automation considering diverse client requirements. The relevance of this work is due to the need to reduce design time while simultaneously improving quality and individuality of design solutions.

Materials and methods. The study is based on a systematic analysis of scientific publications from 2017–2023 on generative design and BIM technologies. A comparative study of existing software solutions (Autodesk Revit with Dynamo, Grasshopper for Rhino, IDEA StatiCa, Generative Components) was conducted. Expert evaluation methods were applied to determine the effectiveness of implementing generative algorithms, and the case study method was used to analyze implemented projects.

Results. Four dominant approaches to integrating generative design into BIM processes were identified: graph-based parametric modelling, evolutionary optimization, machine learning, and agent-based modelling. It was established that generative design algorithms can reduce design time by 35–40 % while simultaneously considering 5–7 times more design variants. A methodology for implementing generative algorithms was developed, covering the full cycle from formalizing client requirements to evaluating results. Key obstacles to widespread implementation were identified: insufficient standardization of technologies, complexity in formalizing subjective aesthetic criteria, and significant computational requirements for complex projects.

Conclusions. Generative design combined with BIM technologies is an effective tool for automating architectural design, allowing optimal solutions for complex multi-criteria problems. The proposed methodology systematizes the process of implementing generative algorithms into existing BIM workflows. Further technology development requires creating specialized libraries of typical generative components and methods for interpreting fuzzy client requirements.

Introduction. The efficiency of implementation of integrated territorial development projects (ITDP) directly depends on the applied management methods. In this regard, the issue of transition from traditional object-oriented management to integrated management of the life cycle of the entire project becomes relevant. This leads to the need to develop new system criteria for classification and selection of organizational and technological solutions (OTS) for each stage of the life cycle of construction projects. The purpose of the study was to develop a system classification of OTS for life cycle management of construction projects in ITD projects based on the system property introduced by the authors — autonomy.

Materials and methods. The methodological basis of the study is the general theory of systems, principles and tools of system engineering of construction, systems analysis, modeling and risk management. Construction objects in ITD projects are considered as complex systems interacting with the external environment and decomposed into subsystems, components and elements.

Results. As a result, the authors formulated the essence of the concept of autonomy of a construction object as an emergent property characterizing its ability to function in conditions of uncertainty of the external environment. A four-level classification of OTS for ITD objects is proposed, a multi-criteria structure for selecting and forming OTS is developed, integrating such parameters as the scale of the system, the stage of the life cycle, the level of management and the level of autonomy.

Conclusions. The proposed classification provides a comprehensive toolkit for making management decisions, allowing for a targeted impact on the parameters of the construction object to achieve the required level of autonomy throughout the life cycle. The results obtained provide the basis for developing methods for predictive and monitoring management of ITD objects. Further research by the authors will be devoted to issues of managing the parameters of construction objects to ensure their autonomy within the specified time frame, considering the existing restrictions and determining the boundaries of autonomy.