Introduction. Soil deformation exhibits a non-linear elastic-plastic behaviour. Consequently, modelling of the stress-strain state (SSS) of high embankment dams is necessarily carried out using non-linear rock mechanics models (Mohr – Coulomb, soil hardening and others). One of the key manifestations of the non-linearity of soil deformation is the different nature of deformations under two loading scenarios: during unloading, typically only elastic deformations occur, whereas during active loading, elastic-plastic deformations take place. During loading, the area of elastic deformation increases; this effect is commonly referred to as hardening. However, not all non-linear models, specifically the Mohr – Coulomb model, take this effect into account. This paper presents studies on estimating the extent to which the hardening effect influences the results of numerical modelling of the SSS of embankment dams.

Materials and methods. The analysis was carried out using the PLAXIS software package, using a homogeneous 100-high rockfill dam as an example. A linear model of ideal plasticity with the Mohr – Coulomb strength state condition was employed. To determine the extent of the effect, the results of SSS analysis were compared for two scenarios: one taking into account the existing unloading trajectory and one without it. The existing area of elastic deformation was accounted for using a plasticity surface.

Results. The investigation showed that taking the hardening effect into account radically alters the results of SSS numerical modelling of the rockfill dam. When subjected to hydrostatic pressure, part of the dam soil is not under active loading but is instead unloaded. Taking this hardening effect into account led to an approximately twofold reduction in the horizontal displacements of the dam caused by hydrostatic pressure. Furthermore, when the hardening effect is taken into account, the predicted stability of the dam with a diaphragm increases significantly; the risk of loss of shear strength and the formation of a collapse mass in its upstream face decreases considerably.

Conclusions. The use of models that do not account for the soil hardening, such as the Mohr – Coulomb model, in SSS analyses of embankment dams is not permitted. Such models not only underestimate the dam’s load-bearing capacity margin but also significantly distort the numerical simulation results.

Introduction. Excessive building density worsens the lack of foundation soils that have sufficiently high physical and mechanical properties and therefore do not require additional soil improvement measures or deep foundations. Accordingly, design practice increasingly requires enhancing the bearing capacity of subsoil and foundations to reduce deformations and prevent failures, which is particularly important for the present-day construction practice in large urban areas.

Materials and methods. There are numerous soil improvement methods, including mechanical, chemical, and physicochemical techniques. Each approach has advantages and limitations, as well as fields of application determined by project-specific conditions and requirements. In recent years, new technologies, such as grouting methods and geosynthetic materials, have been actively developed, opening up new opportunities for improving structural performance and stability. This study considers foundation-soil improvement using Jet Grouting (jet grouting of soils) and construction of a pile foundation using discharge-pulse technology (DPT) as applied to a specific facility under existing development and geoengineering conditions.

Results. Several modern ground improvement technologies were analyzed for the specific conditions of a particular construction site, and their effectiveness was evaluated. Numerical modeling was performed for a building on a Jet Grouting-improved foundation soil and for a pile foundation constructed using DPT.

Conclusions. The results of numerical modeling are presented. The choice of methods depends on geoengineering conditions, the required bearing capacity of the foundation soils, and other factors.

Introduction. The article considers information support for monitoring construction using modern technologies, namely the use of aerial and satellite images for monitoring construction. This topic is of particular relevance given the expanding scope of digital technologies in the construction industry, including digital photogrammetric processing of aerial and satellite imagery. The representation of the construction site in such images has been analyzed: construction machinery, stages of construction, and building materials.

Materials and methods. To analyze the representation of construction sites, construction machinery and building materials in digital images, data obtained from Yandex Maps covering the city of Moscow was used; at the time of writing, this data included sections of satellite imagery and aerial photographs, which had been combined to form a single map covering the area. In conducting the research to obtain scientific results, general scientific methods of inquiry were applied: abstraction, analysis, synthesis, grouping, analogy, induction, deduction and modelling; as well as historical-logical, comparative and systems approaches. The methods of collecting, processing and analyzing information were determined by the specific objectives of the research.

Results. The results of an analysis of how objects appear in satellite and aerial photographs are presented; the geometric dimensions of such objects are analyzed, along with the resulting required resolution for the imagery.

Conclusions. Based on the material reviewed, it can be concluded that the optimal method for monitoring construction is the use of aerial photography from aeroplanes and unmanned aerial vehicles; the use of ultra-high-resolution satellite imagery is also a possibility. The examples given have shown which of the objects of interest will be distinguishable in the images, and this will therefore make it possible to interpret them and determine their location.

Introduction. This paper evaluates the effect of creep (secondary consolidation) on long-term settlements of large-area raft foundations. The study extends the authors’ previous work on the role of permeability anisotropy in two-dimensional primary consolidation and focuses on quantifying the contribution of skeleton creep to total settlement.

Materials and methods. A parametric finite element study was carried out using Plaxis 2D for an axisymmetric raft foundation model on a clay stratum. The Soft Soil (SS, no creep) and Soft Soil Creep (SSC) models were compared while varying R/H (0.5; 2.0; 6.0), the modified creep index μ* (0.005; 0.01) and permeability anisotropy kx/ky (1; 5). The effect of horizontal sand interlayers was also investigated.

Results. Creep can increase the final settlement by a factor of 1.5–5.4 depending on R/H and μ* (coefficient η). Sand interlayers accelerate primary consolidation by a factor of 3–11 but reduce the creep-related final settlement by only 5–16 %. Permeability anisotropy has a negligible effect on final settlement (difference below 2 %).

Conclusions. Secondary consolidation must be accounted for when μ* ≥ 0.005 (Cα/Cc ≥ 0.10), typical of soft organomineral clays, peaty soils, and silts. Horizontal drainage layers do not eliminate the problem of long-term secondary settlements.

Introduction. A literature review of approaches to the development and testing of energy-efficient modular facade systems is presented. It is noted that methods for designing modular facades are particularly relevant in extreme climates, where thermal performance is the principal parameter to be improved.

Materials and methods. The literature review was conducted using both Russian and international sources. The literature review included Russian articles published in journals listed by the Higher Attestation Commission (VAK list), as well as international publications indexed in major bibliographic databases and available through MDPI, ScienceDirect, Wiley Online Library, SpringerLink, and Scopus.

Results. The studies by J. Li et al. on the selection of thermal insulation materials, the work by A. Scioti et al. on the optimization of connection joints and the composition of structural mixtures, and the work by X. Zou et al. on structural connection solutions that preserve factory-applied finishing were reviewed. For experimental verification, S.P.B. Sousa et al. described test methods under dynamic laboratory conditions, while the paper by Z. Azkorra-Larrinaga et al. addressed partially simulated full-scale conditions.

Conclusions. Vacuum insulation panels are considered the most effective thermal insulation materials, reducing heat losses by approximately 73–76 %, while aerogel coatings provide savings of about 43–49 %. A system of internal ties has been proposed for the design of modular facade connections. In addition, S-shaped connecting profiles are used as an effective structural solution, reducing the temperature difference between expanded polystyrene panels from 8 to 1.5 K. Modular facade systems are best verified by combining laboratory methods with full-scale tests.

Introduction. The context of the digitalization of the national economy and the growing influence of convergence on its constituent parts are leading to an increased emphasis on a systems-based approach to management organization and the practice of their ongoing transformation, including through the development of fundamentally new technical solutions and the qualitative transformation of existing ones. This approach is re-engineering, which, in the traditional sense, is used to modulate business processes, whilst in the new research context it is applied to systemic solutions, which represent the quintessence of a systematic approach. In this interpretation, a systemic solution is viewed as an interconnected hierarchical set of solutions. This is the first time such a study has been conducted in the field of construction re-engineering.

Materials and methods. The study was based on a systematic approach and its integration with concepts such as sustainable development, the logistics of regulatory impacts, and organizational changes and transformations. These concepts determined the appropriateness of using methods of normative, functional, structural and retrospective analysis. The research drew upon the works of domestic and foreign scholars, as listed in the bibliography.

Results. The category of “system solutions” has been identified, including in relation to the investment and construction sector; the composition of a system solution has been determined, as well as the nature of its coverage of the spheres of social production and its manifestation in re-engineering; and the procedure and features of forming a system solution in construction re-engineering have been established.

Conclusions. The application of systems engineering principles of management when implementing re-engineering in the construction sector will enable a business entity to achieve sustainable development, flexibility in its interaction with the surrounding economic environment, and production efficiency; and, on this basis, to build competitive advantages and realize additional benefits.

Introduction. A quick-assembly contact beam-to-column joint based on the dovetail system is considered in the article. During installation, the beam is seated by its support ribs in sockets manufactured and welded to the column under factory conditions. Longitudinal displacement of the girder is prevented by filling the erection gaps with shim plates. This solution provides a simple and reliable connection between an I-section girder and a column made of a square cold-formed welded hollow section.

Materials and methods. The kinematic method of limit equilibrium was used to determine the limiting bending moment Mlim and the beam fixity coefficient C in the joint. Assuming that plastic deformations can significantly exceed elastic deformations, the steel stress-strain diagram was idealized as that of a rigid-plastic body. It was also assumed that the yield lines of the socket plates are linear plastic hinges along which only moment vectors act; the plates were considered rigidly fixed along two adjacent edges and free along the other two adjacent edges.

Results. The actual bending-moment diagram was constructed for a beam elastically restrained at both ends and loaded by two concentrated forces arranged symmetrically with respect to the supports; a formula was obtained for determining the support rotation angle φ.

Conclusions. The comparative analysis showed that when 5 mm thick plates are used in the support socket, the joint behaves almost as a hinge; when 10 mm thick plates are used, it behaves as a semi-rigid joint. The proposed contact beam-to-column joint can be recommended for use in design practice.

Introduction. The life cycle management of a capital construction project (CCP LC) is a comprehensive process, the effectiveness of which, in today’s environment, is determined by the degree of digitalization and data integration at all stages — from design to decommissioning. Information modelling (BIM/TIM) is a key tool; however, its potential for application in construction supervision has not been fully realized, leading to a gap in information continuity between the construction and operational phases. The aim of this study is to justify the need to integrate construction supervision into a unified digital environment based on an information model (IM) as a mechanism for data verification and the creation of a reliable digital twin of the facility.

Materials and methods. An analytical review was conducted to synthesize information from scientific and technical literature, regulatory documents and industry publications relating to the management of the life cycle of a capital construction project, information modelling and the use of associated technologies.

Results. The IM content has been determined for each stage of the life cycle. A direct relationship has been established between the type of production (one-off, batch, mass) and the required level of attributive richness of the model. It has been shown that construction supervision is a critical aspect for the transformation of the design model into an as-built model, since it is precisely during the construction phase that actual parameters, information on materials, deviations and concealed works are recorded. Without incorporating construction supervision information into the IM, its use during the operational phase becomes ineffective.

Conclusions. The integration of construction supervision into the information modelling process ensures information continuity throughout the entire life cycle of the CCP, which lays the foundation for the automation of management, the application of predictive analytics, the reduction of operational costs and the enhancement of construction transparency. Further development of the life cycle management of the CCP involves the in-depth use of artificial intelligence and robotization, for which structured attribute data serves as an essential foundation.

Introduction. The paper investigates the role of underground communication spaces (pedestrian crossings, metro stations) in shaping the visual, aesthetic, and socio-cultural environment of modern cities. The research is driven by the need to transform utilitarian infrastructure into multifunctional elements of the urban landscape that enhance place identity, emotional well-being, and the overall quality of life for inhabitants.

Materials and methods. The study employs a multifaceted methodological approach, including visual analysis of spaces based on categories like color scheme, narrative, and materials; a hypothetical-deductive method; sociological surveys targeting both professionals and the general public; photofixation; and graphical modeling. The empirical basis comprises case studies from cities in Russia (Yekaterinburg, Rostov-on-Don), Europe (the Netherlands, Belgium), and the USA.

Results. A typology of objects is proposed based on their urban significance: dominant (“Image of the City”); structurally Significant; peripheral. For each type, tailored renewal strategies are developed, ranging from cost-effective cosmetic enhancements to comprehensive reconstruction. The core outcome is the formulation of four universal conceptual models for aesthetic transformation: 1) “Genius Loci” (myth/place); 2) “Space – Art Object”; 3) Ornamental for extended spaces; and 4) Cost-effective color division for peripheral areas.

Conclusions. The study confirms that artistic design transforms underground passages from purely functional conduits into significant elements of the urban fabric, improving comfort and perceived safety. The proposed conceptual models provide a systematic framework for integrating art into urban infrastructure, effectively considering local context, historical significance, and budgetary constraints. This approach allows for the rational and aesthetically valuable organization of urban underground spaces, systematizing the visual image of the anthropogenic environment.

Introduction. Today, climate change in the Arctic zone is an important problem for the world community. As the largest country in the world, the Russian Federation is particularly vulnerable to the effects of climate change due to its vast territory, difficult climatic conditions and geographical location. The purpose of this study is to analyze the impact of anthropogenic factors on climate change in the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation, using the example of the Komi Republic, and to develop solutions to mitigate its negative consequences.

Materials and methods. Tools for assessing the impact of anthropogenic factors on climate change in the Komi Republic are: spatial GIS modelling, analytical method, statistical data analysis and mapping. Based on these research methods, a spatial model is being created to identify the areas most susceptible to climate change.

Results. The developed methodology makes it possible to identify the urbanized territories of the Russian Arctic that are most susceptible to climate change indicators. The territory was analyzed by the amount of emissions of the main greenhouse gases carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), nitrogen oxide (NOx). The design experiment was carried out using the example of the Komi Republic. An example of applying a solution to the problem to reduce climate change indicators in the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation is given.

Conclusions. The necessity of taking measures to reduce the anthropogenic impact on climate change in the Komi Republic has been identified. The results of this article can be useful for decision-making in the field of climate policy at the regional and national levels.

Introduction. Rapid urbanization and the imperative to decarbonize the built environment have positioned buildings as a critical domain for materials-driven sustainability and climate resilience. As buildings evolve from static energy consumers to adaptive and performance-oriented systems, advances in next-generation materials are redefining the contribution of structural and envelope components to energy efficacy, functionality, and intelligent operation.

Materials and methods. This review synthesizes recent progress in smart and multifunctional materials, including thermal-adaptive systems, architected mechanical metamaterials, and energy-harvesting functional composites that enable sensing, energy conversion, and adaptive response to be intrinsically embedded within building materials.

Results. Particular emphasis is placed on phase change materials for thermal regulation, geometry-engineered mechanical metamaterials for vibration mitigation and mechanical adaptability, and triboelectric, piezoelectric, and thermoelectric composites that support distributed energy harvesting and self-powered sensing. These material systems enable buildings to operate as energy-active and information-aware infrastructures rather than passive structural entities. The review further contextualizes the functional behavior, environmental response, and performance relevance of smart material systems for building-scale applications.

Conclusions. By consolidating recent advances and identifying critical material-level functions, this work outlines future pathways for the development of intelligent, low-carbon, and climate-resilient buildings enabled through advanced smart material systems.

Introduction. This paper presents the scenario for the business game “Preparation of Construction Production”, developed by the authors as a supplementary teaching method for students of construction-related disciplines within the framework of the course “Fundamentals of the Organization of Construction Production”. The study is based on an analysis of the cognitive characteristics of generation Z and the need to adapt educational technologies to their information processing patterns. The scientific novelty of the work lies in the development of a four-stage game structure with events unfolding in parallel across two sites, ensuring high participant engagement; the modelling of interactions between seven types of construction stakeholders, fostering a holistic understanding of the construction production management system; a well-founded link between the game structure and the development of competence indicators UK-2, UK-4 and OPK-9 through the modelling of real-life management situations requiring decision-making under conditions of limited resources and time; and the development of a set of practice-oriented handouts that integrate theoretical knowledge into the system of professional practice.

Materials and methods. The research methodology includes scenario planning. The game provides for the distribution of students into teams, each of which performs the role of a specific participant in the construction process and solves professional tasks: developing design assignments, conducting tenders, concluding contracts and managing resources.

Results. The approbation demonstrated the high effectiveness of the method: 92 % of students actively engaged in the process, showed effectiveness in mastering theoretical material, and developed communication skills and collaborative decision-making abilities under time constraints.

Conclusions. The developed business game scenario can be effective in the educational process for developing the professional competencies of students on construction courses, increasing their motivation to study and developing teamwork skills, as confirmed by the test results and the high level of participant engagement.